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Cuts"},{"term":"Closures"},{"term":"Democrats"},{"term":"K-12"},{"term":"Margaret Spellings"},{"term":"Munger Hall"},{"term":"Newsom"},{"term":"Presidential search"},{"term":"Quantification"},{"term":"Sexual Harassment"},{"term":"UC Health"},{"term":"Workforce"},{"term":"anti-racist pedagogy"},{"term":"higher education policy"},{"term":"reparations"},{"term":"2020 Election"},{"term":"ACCJC vs. CCSF"},{"term":"Cooper Union"},{"term":"Covid-19 Cuts"},{"term":"Cuts \u0026 Cuts"},{"term":"Debt-Free College"},{"term":"Fake Knoweldge"},{"term":"Fake Knowledge"},{"term":"FutherCuts"},{"term":"Gender"},{"term":"LGBTQ"},{"term":"Metrics"},{"term":"More Cuts"},{"term":"Nonpecuniary effects"},{"term":"November 2009"},{"term":"President Drake"},{"term":"State Audit"},{"term":"UC Merced"},{"term":"UCSF"},{"term":"USC"},{"term":"University of Missouri"},{"term":"Vegara vs. California"},{"term":"abolition"},{"term":"abortion"},{"term":"carbon offsets"},{"term":"climate crisis"},{"term":"climate policy"},{"term":"human capital theory"},{"term":"opinion survey"},{"term":"public support"},{"term":"review of The Great Mistake"},{"term":"slavery"},{"term":"stimulus"},{"term":"value of a college degree"},{"term":"white nationalism"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Remaking the University"},"subtitle":{"type":"html","$t":"A blog on higher education and related issues."},"link":[{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/posts\/default"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/-\/guest+post?alt=json-in-script\u0026max-results=10"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/search\/label\/guest%20post"},{"rel":"hub","href":"http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/"},{"rel":"next","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/-\/guest+post\/-\/guest+post?alt=json-in-script\u0026start-index=11\u0026max-results=10"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Chris Newfield"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/01078395415386100872"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"generator":{"version":"7.00","uri":"http://www.blogger.com","$t":"Blogger"},"openSearch$totalResults":{"$t":"152"},"openSearch$startIndex":{"$t":"1"},"openSearch$itemsPerPage":{"$t":"10"},"entry":[{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1170716682680204889.post-1691835440695761544"},"published":{"$t":"2020-05-28T10:16:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-05-28T15:23:31.458-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Academic Freedom"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Academic Labor"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Affordability"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Austerity"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Covid-19"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"democratic university"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Governance"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"guest post"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Inequality"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"reparations"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Transparency"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Principles for a Post-COVID University"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-jF6t8eD4Wj4\/Xs_q5J-OXuI\/AAAAAAAAEiM\/au9mKUH_9jgIsNNTEJP-OdIWyb7eAyT0gCPcBGAYYCw\/s1600\/NYU%2BPurple%2BNurses%252Bin%252Bmasks.JPG\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"752\" data-original-width=\"1000\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-jF6t8eD4Wj4\/Xs_q5J-OXuI\/AAAAAAAAEiM\/au9mKUH_9jgIsNNTEJP-OdIWyb7eAyT0gCPcBGAYYCw\/s320\/NYU%2BPurple%2BNurses%252Bin%252Bmasks.JPG\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\nStatement from the American Association of University Professors chapter at New York University \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ci\u003EIn ordinary circumstances, most of what AAUP chapters do is reactive—stepping up to advocate for the protection of faculty and student rights when they are under threat. At a time when higher education’s morbid expectation of its future is one of crushing austerity and, for some colleges, extinction, our NYU group decided to be proactive and assemble some principles for a post-COVID university. This was not done because we labor under the illusion that a university can be a morally purified space. Instead, we wanted to honor (by gathering together) the ideas and suggestions and arguments for reforming our institution that we have heard being made by faculty and students over the years. Of course, many of the action items on the list are far above our pay grade, but, at some point, we have to start behaving like self-organizing employees of the more humane workplace outlined here. \u003C\/i\u003E--Andrew Ross, Professor of Social and Cultural Analysis, NYU\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n**** \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ch2 style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003EPrinciples for a Post-COVID University\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHow should NYU play its role in a “just recovery” from the COVID crisis? How can we build on the experience of the crisis and from the opinions, grievances, and solidarity that circulated in NYU communities during this period? In thinking about how the university can sustain and rebuild itself, the AAUP envisions NYU as a more transparent, democratic, caring and resilient institution, prioritizing the equitable treatment and rights of its students and employees, minimizing the cost of attendance, and striving more single-mindedly to live up to its motto—“a private university in the public service.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nFor too long, NYU policy has been dictated by debt-leveraged expansionary growth, domestically and overseas, and by an institutional desire for upward mobility as measured by national and international rankings. Post-COVID, and in the spirit of social and ecological sustainability, we would like to see NYU focus on thriving in place rather than reaching after “performance” goals that are defined by financial institutions or managerial value metrics.\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003ETransparency\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWith the university’s finances under pressure, now is the time to provide faculty, students and staff full access to NYU’s fiscal affairs.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nParticipatory budgeting should be a key component of the transition to transparency\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nExecutive policy-making should be open to faculty review, and senior administrators should draw more routinely on faculty expertise\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTop-level decision-makers should consult and solicit input from the faculty body before making large-scale policy moves, especially on GNU matters\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe terms of operation of global branches – in Abu Dhabi, Shanghai, and other GNU “nodes” -- should be transparent to the entire NYU community.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003EDemocratic\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe faculty role in shared governance, as recognized by AAUP principles, should be fully restored and clarified.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe NYU administration should agree and affirm that the Faculty Handbook is contractually binding.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nFaculty and students should be represented on the Board of Trustees.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nFaculty who are elected, and not handpicked, should serve on committees to choose senior administrators, including the Provost and President.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nMinutes of BOT and administrative leadership meetings should be accessible to faculty and students.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe right to organize (including that of contract and tenure-track faculty) should be upheld and encouraged, and NYU should recognize any bargaining unit formed by a majority of its eligible members.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nCommunity-driven town halls and plenary assemblies should be instituted on the NYU Calendar to inform and review institutional decision-making.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003ECaring\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should be a sanctuary campus, prioritizing safety and sanctuary to members of the university and its host communities.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nResources and legal assistance should be extended to vulnerable and marginalized community members.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should not operate branches of the university, domestic or overseas, in breach of its nondiscrimination policies.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nEmployees and students should have (free) access to comprehensive health care at Langone-Grossman if they choose.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWorkplace welfare councils (with faculty, student, and staff representation) should be elected in every university unit to safeguard employee well-being and workplace quality.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003EAffordable\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nEvery effort should be made to lower tuition and retire NYU’s reputation as poster child for student debt.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU’s unequal pay structures should be addressed, including gender salary gaps, salary compression, and the role of underrepresentation of minority faculty.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSenior administrator salaries should be sliced, and nonacademic administrative personnel positions downsized.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should establish a much more equitable range spread between the highest and lowest paid of NYU employees, with total compensation packages included in these re-adjustments.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSalary and student fellowship increases should be tied to COLA, and not merit evaluations.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should secure the steady conversion of NTT into TT faculty positions at every GNU location and in its US campuses; as a preliminary goal, NYU should aim for not more than 25% NTT positions in 5 years across the university.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should extend protections comparable to those that accrue to tenure to all full-time faculty who have served continuously for seven years.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nFaculty housing rent should be capped at an affordable percentage of income.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003ESustainable\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU’s carbon footprint should be minimized and its endowed funds should divest from the fossil fuel industry, and all enterprises involved in incarceration, immigrant detention, and military production.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAir travel, to global sites and to academic meetings, should be curtailed.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nCross-disciplinary climate crisis research and study should be prioritized.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNew environmental justice and climate justice initiatives should be targeted and funded.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should adopt an environmental stewardship role in downtown Manhattan and downtown Brooklyn, modelling and propagating just practices.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003EPublic Service\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSince NYU sits on occupied lands of Lenni Lenape peoples, it should fully adopt a charter of decolonial ethics and practice.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should extend public access (for meetings, workshops, assemblies) to its underutilized classrooms and buildings when they are not being used. It should also seek to provide students across the city access to its libraries and online research resources.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should prioritize pathways for students from New York public schools and community colleges to matriculate at NYU; it should also extend and deepen support to such institutions in other ways that those institutions identify as arenas for collaboration.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should make special efforts to support DACA and undocumented students.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU’s reach as a landlord and real estate owner should be surveyed and redefined to help address the city’s urgent housing crisis.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nRepresentatives from Lower Manhattan and Brooklyn communities should have the right to review and participate in the approval of all new building and expansion plans.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nLocal community representatives should have the right to serve on a committee for developing university-community initiatives that will benefit from NYU’s research and resources.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003ERacial and Social Justice\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nIndigenous study and engagement should be instituted and encouraged in all university programs.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU resources should prioritize the reduction of institutional inequalities for students, staff and faculty of color, along with LGBTQ, disabled community members, DACA and undocumented students.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should insist on staffing reforms on the part of departments and units with an overwhelming majority of white instructors.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGender balance and racial diversity should be adopted as an institutional principle of all NYU workplaces.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTruly affordable housing should be made available for faculty of color and first-generation academics who often have higher student debt burdens than their peers and cannot rely on family wealth. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003EGlobal University?\u003C\/b\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should convene a community-wide review of the GNU mission and its record.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nFree movement of students and scholars across borders and GNU sites should be guaranteed by NYU and host authorities.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should loudly and visibly protest travel and enrollment restrictions at its GNU sites and NYC campuses and lobby the relevant political authorities to lift those restrictions. In cases where there are boycotts of NYU campuses by faculty and students in other parts of NYU because of these restrictions, NYU should recognize these as fundamental expressions of academic freedom.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAcademic freedom protections, in all of the forms and expressions recognized by the AAUP, should be guaranteed across all NYU sites.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should uphold the right of all employees, including those contracted to construct and maintain GNU buildings, to be protected by the ILO's basic international labor standards.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNYU should insist that US authorities remedy the challenges faced by international students and faculty--travel restrictions, embassy closures, and impractical visa protocols.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; The Executive Committee of the NYU Chapter of the AAUP\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Rebecca Karl, President\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Paula Chakravartty Vice-President\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Andrew Ross, Secretary\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Anna McCarthy, Treasurer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Fred Moten, Member-at-large\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Vasuki Nesiah, Member-at-large\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Mohamad Bazzi, Member-at-large\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; Marie Monaco, Immediate past President\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; "},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/1691835440695761544\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2020\/05\/principles-for-post-covid-university.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/1691835440695761544"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/1691835440695761544"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2020\/05\/principles-for-post-covid-university.html","title":"Principles for a Post-COVID University"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Chris Newfield"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/01078395415386100872"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-jF6t8eD4Wj4\/Xs_q5J-OXuI\/AAAAAAAAEiM\/au9mKUH_9jgIsNNTEJP-OdIWyb7eAyT0gCPcBGAYYCw\/s72-c\/NYU%2BPurple%2BNurses%252Bin%252Bmasks.JPG","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1170716682680204889.post-3112451354832282501"},"published":{"$t":"2020-04-17T11:35:00.000-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-04-17T11:36:01.972-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Academic Labor"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Covid-19"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Faculty"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Graduate Student Conditions"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"guest post"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"opinion survey"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Two Upheavals, One Solution: A UC Faculty Survey"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-KbXX6q99HFM\/Xpn2p7mR4ZI\/AAAAAAAAEcY\/4oUbi6uGagEDrAFVCfPlUm7rWhD0XdPaQCNcBGAsYHQ\/s1600\/UCLA%2BEmpty%2BDailyBruin%2B031620.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1067\" data-original-width=\"1600\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-KbXX6q99HFM\/Xpn2p7mR4ZI\/AAAAAAAAEcY\/4oUbi6uGagEDrAFVCfPlUm7rWhD0XdPaQCNcBGAsYHQ\/s320\/UCLA%2BEmpty%2BDailyBruin%2B031620.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EBy Hannah\nChadeayne Appel, Asst Prof of Anthropology,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E and Ananya\nRoy, Professor of Urban Planning, Social Welfare, and Geography and The Meyer\nand Renee Luskin Chair in Inequality and Democracy, UCLA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EWe are two\nof the faculty members who have written a \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSfCfFER4zxta8G5w1bES8pBcVlVp9lJuobDXDWIJpwOAkHayw\/viewform\"\u003Esurvey\u003C\/a\u003E that we are asking our colleagues\nto take.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EIt is about the relations\nbetween the UC graduate student strike and the covid-19 pandemic: how do you\nsee this relationship, and how would you most like to respond.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EThe survey can be found at this link.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003EAnd here’s a bit more on the thinking that\nlies behind it.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003ECovid-19\nlays bare a precarity that long predates it. The virus’ routes\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-themecolor: text1;\"\u003E expose\nand deepen lived inequalities, demonstrating that the taking of human life is\nneither natural nor inevitable, but rather an outcome of political decisions\nthat have ravaged social protections and hollowed out infrastructures of care.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EAs this\nblog has chronicled over the years, the formerly public university is\nparadigmatic of this hollowing out—increasingly reliant on the tuition of\nindebted students and the shamefully under-remunerated labor of adjunct\nfaculty. As calls for rent strikes resound across the U.S., severely \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Erent-burdened graduate students\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E in the University of\nCalifornia system \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ewere\nalready months into a Cost of Living Adjustment (COLA) wildcat strike.\nPrecisely. Covid-19 lays bare precarity that long predates it. \u003Cspan style=\"color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003ECovid-19’s\nsafer-at-home mandates, remote instruction, hiring freezes, evaporation of\nsummer teaching and of broader job prospects exacerbate the pre-existing\nhousing insecurity and financial stress that the COLA movement aims to reveal\nand remedy. Undergraduates as well as graduate students are asked to \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: #202020; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Esucceed as students in communities where they\ncannot afford to live and work. Now undergraduates find themselves lacking\naccess to technologies, space, and other resources required for online\ninstruction, while graduate students are expected to teach from \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/For-Many-Graduate-Students\/248360?cid=wcontentgrid_hp_1b\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Eliving conditions not appropriately conducive to that labor\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: #202020; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E. A COLA means compensation adequate to the cost\nof living, and this is even more necessary in a pandemic. If the COLA movement emphasizes\nthat \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/us-policy\/2019\/02\/14\/with-teachers-lead-more-workers-went-strike-than-any-year-since\/\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Eteachers’ working conditions are students’ learning\nconditions\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: #202020; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, covid-19\nexacerbates the inadequacy of all those conditions and foregrounds the urgency\nof addressing these problems together.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: black; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EThe\nInter-Campus Faculty Solidarity Network is a group of about 40 tenured,\nuntenured, and adjunct faculty from across the UCs who had been communicating\nweekly throughout the COLA campaign. We have continued to do so into the covid-19\ncrisis. This network is in turn generated by Faculty Organizing Groups and\nother bodies of long-standing faculty activism that emerged from previous\nmoments of austerity. As the network watched covid begin to overshadow COLA, we\nfelt that articulating their intersection and (re)mobilizing faculty was all\nthe more pressing. Thus we wrote the survey you find here, which aims to better\nunderstand faculty concerns during this time and to organize potential future\ncollective action to respond to those concerns – from support for the COLA\ndemands to our own uncertain futures at a time of looming economic recession.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"background: white; color: #202020; font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EWe cannot return to business\nas usual once the masks are off. We cannot sit by, again, as we are told, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Ethere is no alternative. \u003C\/i\u003EThere are\nalternatives. And it will not be administrators who envision them or build the\npower to champion them. It will be us – adjunct and tenure-line faculty and\nundergraduate and graduate students and student debtors – categories that blur\nincreasingly for those of us who were schooled and indebted in neoliberal\ntimes.\u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EAs Robin\nD.G. Kelley, \u003Cspan style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;\"\u003EDistinguished Professor of\nHistory \u0026amp; Gary B. Nash Endowed Chair in United States History at UCLA said\non the occasion of UCLA’s COLA rally:\u003C\/span\u003E “This is bigger than a cost of\nliving adjustment. You are on the frontlines of a broader struggle against a\nnew university order that entails the casualization of labor; rising tuitions;\nthe financialization of higher education resulting in unsustainable student\ndebt and corporate profit; not to mention investments in institutions that\nviolate human rights and hasten the planet’s demise. You are fighting for a\ndifferent future, and as faculty who want a university that practices equity\nand ethical behavior, that can reverse its neoliberal trend, we have no choice\nbut to stand in solidarity and to stand up.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EPlease take \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/forms\/d\/e\/1FAIpQLSfCfFER4zxta8G5w1bES8pBcVlVp9lJuobDXDWIJpwOAkHayw\/viewform\"\u003E\"Two Upheavals, One Solution: A UC Faculty Survey\"\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n\u003C!--\n \/* Font Definitions *\/\n @font-face\n {font-family:\"Cambria Math\";\n panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;\n mso-font-charset:0;\n mso-generic-font-family:roman;\n mso-font-pitch:variable;\n mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\n@font-face\n {font-family:Calibri;\n panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;\n mso-font-alt:Calibri;\n mso-font-charset:0;\n mso-generic-font-family:swiss;\n mso-font-pitch:variable;\n mso-font-signature:-469750017 -1073732485 9 0 511 0;}\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\n {mso-style-unhide:no;\n mso-style-qformat:yes;\n mso-style-parent:\"\";\n margin:0in;\n margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n mso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n font-size:12.0pt;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;\n mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}\na:link, span.MsoHyperlink\n {mso-style-priority:99;\n color:#0563C1;\n mso-themecolor:hyperlink;\n text-decoration:underline;\n text-underline:single;}\na:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed\n {mso-style-noshow:yes;\n mso-style-priority:99;\n color:#954F72;\n mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink;\n text-decoration:underline;\n text-underline:single;}\n.MsoChpDefault\n {mso-style-type:export-only;\n mso-default-props:yes;\n font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;\n mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;\n mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;\n mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}size:8.5in 11.0in;\n margin:.5in .5in .5in .5in;\n mso-header-margin:.5in;\n mso-footer-margin:.5in;\n mso-paper-source:0;}\ndiv.WordSection1\n {page:WordSection1;}\u003C\/style\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/3112451354832282501\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/by-hannahchadeayne-appel-asst-prof-of.html#comment-form","title":"4 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/3112451354832282501"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/3112451354832282501"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2020\/04\/by-hannahchadeayne-appel-asst-prof-of.html","title":"Two Upheavals, One Solution: A UC Faculty Survey"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Chris Newfield"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/01078395415386100872"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-KbXX6q99HFM\/Xpn2p7mR4ZI\/AAAAAAAAEcY\/4oUbi6uGagEDrAFVCfPlUm7rWhD0XdPaQCNcBGAsYHQ\/s72-c\/UCLA%2BEmpty%2BDailyBruin%2B031620.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"4"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1170716682680204889.post-3060155592211470141"},"published":{"$t":"2020-03-05T11:29:00.000-08:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-03-05T11:29:28.535-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Academic Labor"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Affordability"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Graduates"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"guest post"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Student Debt"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"UCSC"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"MLA Statement on the Termination of Graduate Student Strikers at the University of California, Santa Cruz"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv style=\"background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cem style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003EThe Executive Council approved the following statement\u003C\/em\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\"\u003Ein March 2020.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: proxima-nova, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 15px;\"\u003E\nThe Executive Council of the Modern Language Association condemns the termination of employment for graduate student strikers at the University of California,\u0026nbsp;Santa\u0026nbsp;Cruz, calls for their reinstatement, and urges the university to commence negotiations with the students as soon as possible. We consider that their demands for an appropriate augmentation of salary in line with the increased costs of living are legitimate and note that they now have the full support of the UAW,\u0026nbsp;with whom the university is\u0026nbsp;contracted. Graduate students are indispensable workers who cannot be expected to execute their teaching duties and to pursue their own research when housing and food costs are not affordable with their current wages. The Modern Language Association maintains that graduate students should be compensated at a level that makes it possible for them to flourish on campus as research assistants, teachers, and emerging scholars. A fair wage correlated with cost of living increases is a necessary precondition for their own work, essential to fulfilling the educational mandate of their\u0026nbsp;departments, and essential for the dignity of all workers at the university. To punish students for exercising their rights to demand a decent wage is, in our view, unjust and unacceptable, and all penalties should be reversed immediately.\u003C\/div\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/3060155592211470141\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2020\/03\/mla-statement-on-termination-of.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/3060155592211470141"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/3060155592211470141"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2020\/03\/mla-statement-on-termination-of.html","title":"MLA Statement on the Termination of Graduate Student Strikers at the University of California, Santa Cruz"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Michael Meranze"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05336793340375780406"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1170716682680204889.post-1338174978868742456"},"published":{"$t":"2020-02-22T10:39:00.000-08:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-02-22T10:58:53.338-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Academic Labor"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Administrative Overreach"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Affordability"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Graduates"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"guest post"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Janet Napolitano"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"UCSC"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"An Open Letter to the UCSC Administration"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-rTRkgfjkrBs\/XlF03ROgnfI\/AAAAAAAAC_Q\/wFpmbLlE6qUcDtg9BhxhMFWgnQTTPZdjACLcBGAsYHQ\/s1600\/95%2BTheses.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1126\" data-original-width=\"700\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-rTRkgfjkrBs\/XlF03ROgnfI\/AAAAAAAAC_Q\/wFpmbLlE6qUcDtg9BhxhMFWgnQTTPZdjACLcBGAsYHQ\/s320\/95%2BTheses.jpg\" width=\"198\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003EBy \u003Ci\u003ERonnie Lipschutz\u003C\/i\u003E\u0026nbsp;(Political Science, UCSC))\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EFebruary\n20, 2020\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003ETo:\nChancellor Cynthia Larive, Provost, and EVC Lori Kletzer\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EFrom:\nRonnie Lipschutz\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\"\u003EI\nwrite this letter as an individual faculty member who has been at UCSC since\n1990.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\"\u003EI am not representing any faculty\ngroup, department or Academic Senate Committee.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;\"\u003EIt is my own assessment after 30 years at this campus.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EI\nattended the Academic Senate meeting on Wednesday, February 19, and felt a\ngrowing sense of dismay as I listened to your presentations and your responses\nto questions from the floor. \u0026nbsp;I was\nespecially dismayed by EVC Kletzer’s repeated statement that she did not know\nwhat would happen after the Friday midnight deadline issued to the striking TAs\nto turn in Fall grades.\u0026nbsp; Nor was I\nreassured by her stated position that, should a shortage of qualified TAs\nfollow, departments and faculty are responsible for dealing with problems of\nenrollments, class capacity, teaching and workload. While I am aware that such\ndecisions are generally made “locally,” this response is a rather disingenuous one\nand ignores the fact that the present situation is a consequence of\nAdministration decisions and actions taken over the past decade. Over that\ntime, the Administration has paid little heed to either Senate or faculty\nwarnings about the lack of funding to support new initiatives, such as graduate\ngrowth, Silicon Valley and others.\u0026nbsp; Now\nthe faculty is being asked to address the results of 20 years of poor\nadministration, planning and judgement.\u0026nbsp; \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EI\nwill not belabor this last point except to point out that the increase in undergraduate\nenrollments since 2000—which have greatly exacerbated the local housing\ncrisis—have also required growing graduate student enrollment to teach them,\nwithout having in hand the necessary resources to support the latter.\u0026nbsp; Generally, the formula was something like the\nfollowing: undergraduate growth would bring in the tuition required to fund\nteaching while graduate growth would facilitate research and recognition which,\nin turn, would provide the extramural research funds and private donations that\nwould support such growth.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EMoreover,\nso far as I can recall, during those two decades, a number of strategic\nacademic plans were prepared explaining that such growth was necessary for the\nglory of UCSC, without any transparent, public explanation of how the necessary\nfunding was to be procured. This hallucinatory vision became dogma ten years\nago when UCOP offered “rebenching” funds in exchange for a new “graduate\ngrowth” initiative. These funds were accepted with in full recognition that they\nwere insufficient to support the new FTEs and graduates students coming to\ncampus.\u0026nbsp; \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EI\nwill not repeat here the many assurances that were offered by the\nAdministration about how such growth would be achieved—those are available in\nthe many documents and studies, none of which clearly explained how this would\nbe financed.\u0026nbsp; And, until the TA strike,\nthe Administration continued to blithely assume continued undergraduate and\ngraduate growth as necessary from both financial and branding perspectives. Needless\nto say, we are now reaping the whirlwind. The Administration appears poised to\nuse the TA strike as a pretext for reducing graduate enrollments to levels that\ncan be funded given available resources.\u0026nbsp;\nIf this is the plan, it is an extremely cynical one.\u0026nbsp; \u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EFurthermore,\nto put the onus on faculty for dealing with the resulting crisis is even more\ncynical.\u0026nbsp; I do not blame you for this\nsituation; it is the result of two decades of administrative ineptness and\nopacity as mentioned above.\u0026nbsp; But to shift\nthe burden of coping to faculty, who will have to scramble to adapt, and\nundergraduates, who will be shut out of necessary classes and receive a\ndegraded education, is inexcusable.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EFinally, to announce that yet another committee will be established to\nconsider the contradictions is simply kicking the can down the road.\u0026nbsp; We all know that such committees tend to make\nreasonable recommendations that cannot be funded, and that their reports end up\non a (metaphorical) shelf somewhere, to be ignored the next time a similar\nproblem arises.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EWhich\nleads to the fiction of “shared governance.”\u0026nbsp;\nSomehow, there is a wide (mis)perception that this means joint\nmanagement between administration and faculty.\u0026nbsp;\nOf course, it means no such thing: the Administration decides what it\nwants to do and then consults with the Faculty Senate for comments (with\nobjections routinely ignored). Over the past decade, there were ample warnings\nfrom faculty that the graduate growth initiative was unsupportable, but these\nwere simply dismissed with the proviso that “we will take care of it.”\u0026nbsp; So, perhaps you should take care of this,\nrather than shifting the onus onto the faculty.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003EIf\nthis letter sounds bitter, it is—very bitter. For 30 years, I participated in\nwhat was a promising and exciting experiment and that has been transformed from\ngold to dross.\u0026nbsp; I am retiring at the end\nof June and so none of this matters very much to me in practical terms.\u0026nbsp; But it matters greatly to undergraduates,\nwhose credentials may well be very tarnished by this fiasco, to the graduate\nstudents, who were made promises that have been broken repeatedly and many of\nwhom have, at best, a future career of “freeway flying” in store, and to\nfaculty and staff, who have to bear the burden of the Administration’s\ngenerally inept administration.\u0026nbsp; We have \u003Ci\u003Eethical\u003C\/i\u003E\nobligations to our students and, if we cannot fulfill them, we would do better\nnot to make empty promises to them in the first place.\u003Co:p\u003E\u003C\/o:p\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;trebuchet ms\u0026quot; , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/1338174978868742456\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2020\/02\/an-open-letter-to-ucsc-administration.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/1338174978868742456"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/1338174978868742456"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2020\/02\/an-open-letter-to-ucsc-administration.html","title":"An Open Letter to the UCSC Administration"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Michael Meranze"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05336793340375780406"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-rTRkgfjkrBs\/XlF03ROgnfI\/AAAAAAAAC_Q\/wFpmbLlE6qUcDtg9BhxhMFWgnQTTPZdjACLcBGAsYHQ\/s72-c\/95%2BTheses.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1170716682680204889.post-2347553963041672678"},"published":{"$t":"2020-01-13T08:52:00.000-08:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2020-01-13T13:08:08.642-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Funding Model"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"guest post"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Janet Napolitano"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Public Funding"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"UC Regents"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"UCOP"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"First Look at the Governor's UC Budget Proposal"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-yzvUpxk1wfc\/XhvUA4OIobI\/AAAAAAAAC6I\/3etUANCSuOk97KoXHh8yn4TJowMnh3FZACLcBGAsYHQ\/s1600\/04052018-happisburgh-cliffwalk%2B%25281%2529.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"528\" data-original-width=\"937\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-yzvUpxk1wfc\/XhvUA4OIobI\/AAAAAAAAC6I\/3etUANCSuOk97KoXHh8yn4TJowMnh3FZACLcBGAsYHQ\/s320\/04052018-happisburgh-cliffwalk%2B%25281%2529.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Ci\u003EBy Eric Hays \u003C\/i\u003E(CUCFA)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EGovernor Gavin Newson presented his 2020-21 state budget proposal last\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EFriday. The full budget summary is \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.ebudget.ca.gov\/2020-21\/pdf\/BudgetSummary\/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\"\u003Ehere\u003C\/a\u003E; \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Ethe detailed budget for higher ed can be found \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.ebudget.ca.gov\/budget\/2020-21\/#\/Department\/6440\"\u003Ehere\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EUC Board of Regents Chair John Pérez and UC President Janet Napolitano\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Equickly\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.universityofcalifornia.edu\/press-room\/statement-uc-board-regents-chair-p-rez-and-uc-president-napolitano-gov-newsom-s-budget\"\u003E put out a statement\u003C\/a\u003E wherein they essentially thanked the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EGovernor for his generosity. The concluding sentence is “UC appreciates\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Ethe governor’s strong continued support of higher education and looks\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eforward to our ongoing partnership.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EWhile there is something to be said for the politics of maybe getting\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Emore of what you want by being polite rather than by being rude, I think\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Ethere is real harm in UC making such a public statement as it probably\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Egives the public the idea that UC is being generously funded by the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Estate while that is absolutely not true. And this proposed budget,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eshould it pass, will simply make things worse.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003ELet me start by pointing out that California public universities are p\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Erovided less funding per student than any state except Florida (see the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/public.tableau.co m\/pro file\/sheeo#!\/vizhome\/SHEF_FY18_Interactive_Data\/About\"\u003E\"Total Education Revenue per FTE\" data\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EGovernor Newsom can, and did, at the his budget release press conference\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Epoint to a 5.8% increase in general fund base support for UC to try to\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Emake this budget proposal look generous, but that ignores so many things.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EThe first point to make about the increase in funding to UC is that this\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eis a 5.8% increase only if you just look at the general fund base\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Ebudget. In past budget years, the state has provided UC with substantial\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eone time funds. This year there is substantially less one time funding.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003ESo, when you look at total state funding of UC, base plus one-time\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Emoneys, the overall increase to UC is actually 1.3% in 2020-21 relative\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eto 2019-20. This compares to a 3.5% increase in state revenue overall,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eand a 2.2% average increase in state spending across all departments,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eindicating that UC is not a priority in this budget.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003ETo be fair, the table on page 25 of the budget summary link above shows\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Ethat, at the macro scale of looking just at the grossest division of\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eexpenditures in the state budget, Governor Newsom is proposing cutting\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Espending to almost every program in state government except Health and\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EHuman Services, which gets a 13% increase, K-12, which gets a 1.6%\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eincrease, and Higher Education, which gets a 0.1% increase.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EPublic higher education, and UC specifically, then are getting a small\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eincrease in funding, but such a small increase will likely be\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Ecompletely countered by inflation.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EMore importantly, while funding is growing modestly, enrollment is\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Egrowing quickly. University wide headcount grew from about\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/accountability.universityofcalifornia.edu\/2019\/chapters\/chapter-1.html\"\u003E 200,000 in\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/accountability.universityofcalifornia.edu\/2019\/chapters\/chapter-1.html\"\u003E2015 to 222,493 in 2018\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EState funding for UC would have to grow at least as fast as enrollment\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eis growing if we were just to maintain the current funding per student\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003E(and remember, California is 49th of 50 states on this metric), and this\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Elow rate of growth in funding to UC is just not going to do it.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EWhat's more, the budget numbers above don't consider big portions of\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EUC's budget that the state has basically walked away from since the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Erecession: namely paying for UC's pension and paying for facilities.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EThe state used to pay pension costs for UC's state paid employees. But,\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eafter the contribution holiday (when the UC Retirement System was more\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Ethan fully funded such that neither employer nor employee had to make\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Econtributions into it for nearly 20 years) ended in 2010, the state\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Erefused to restart their employer contributions to UCRS. Note that the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Estate continues to pay its share of retirement contributions for other\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Estate employees, such as faculty at CSU. As\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EUC's\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E2019-20 budget proposal indicates,\u003C\/span\u003E the\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: xx-small;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Estate has shorted the UC Retirement System a total of about $3\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Ebillion since contributions restarted in 2010. \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ucop.edu\/operating-budget\/_files\/rbudget\/2019-20-budget-detail.pdf\"\u003E(160\u003C\/a\u003E)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003ENewsom's budget last year included a $3 billion supplemental pension\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Epayment to pay unfunded liabilities of the CalPERS retirement plan over\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Efiscal years 2018-19 through 2022-23 plus $2.9 billion for CalSTRS (the\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EK-12 teachers’ pension) to pay unfunded liabilities over the same\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eperiod. Although at one point debated, in the end there was no similar\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Edebt relief for UCRS in last year's budget. This year's budget proposes\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eaccelerating the payout to CalPERS so that the 2020-21 through 2022-23\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Emoneys would be paid in 2019-20 -- but still no money for UCRS.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EFor facilities, the state is short $20 billion in education and general\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Efacilities capital funding for UC -- the buildings and other\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Einfrastructure that UC needs for its core mission of teaching and\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eresearch \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/regents.universityofcalifornia.edu\/regmeet\/nov19\/f6.pdf\"\u003E(about 1\/4 of which is seismic repairs and upgrades, 1\/4 is\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/regents.universityofcalifornia.edu\/regmeet\/nov19\/f6.pdf\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Erepairs and replacement of aging plant, and half is needed for expansion\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eof educational programs caused by past and ongoing rapid enrollment\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/regents.universityofcalifornia.edu\/regmeet\/nov19\/f6.pdf\"\u003Egrowth\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cbr style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\" \/\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003EThe bottom line is that California public universities have long had to\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Edo more with less, causing real long term damage, and this budget\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003Eproposal is not going to change that.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: small;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: inherit;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"background-color: white; color: #222222;\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/2347553963041672678\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2020\/01\/first-look-at-governors-uc-budget.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/2347553963041672678"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/2347553963041672678"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2020\/01\/first-look-at-governors-uc-budget.html","title":"First Look at the Governor's UC Budget Proposal"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Michael Meranze"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05336793340375780406"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-yzvUpxk1wfc\/XhvUA4OIobI\/AAAAAAAAC6I\/3etUANCSuOk97KoXHh8yn4TJowMnh3FZACLcBGAsYHQ\/s72-c\/04052018-happisburgh-cliffwalk%2B%25281%2529.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1170716682680204889.post-4633600606963971310"},"published":{"$t":"2019-07-10T12:24:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-07-12T05:01:59.315-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"democratic university"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"guest post"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Protests"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"An Open Letter to President Lee Bollinger, Earth Institute Director Alex Halliday, and NCDP Director Irwin Redlener on Columbia's contract with the Border Patrol"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Ctable cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-LZY_V5Sqdh0\/XSY6j4rjqSI\/AAAAAAAACWE\/RSFxEfbc9oEb1ZizUCexy82aQ7DvkFM1QCLcBGAs\/s1600\/190703-migrant-children-painting-al-1231_20e4701512b23633eb78a9e8ef6be4d8.fit-2000w.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1200\" data-original-width=\"1600\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-LZY_V5Sqdh0\/XSY6j4rjqSI\/AAAAAAAACWE\/RSFxEfbc9oEb1ZizUCexy82aQ7DvkFM1QCLcBGAs\/s320\/190703-migrant-children-painting-al-1231_20e4701512b23633eb78a9e8ef6be4d8.fit-2000w.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003EAmerican Society of Pediatrics\u003C\/td\u003E\u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\nDear President Bollinger, Dr. Halliday, and Dr. Redlener,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWe, the undersigned members of the Columbia community, are disturbed to learn that the University has a contract with the Customs and Border Protection, the arm of the US Dept. of Homeland Security that is on the front line of this Administration’s policy of “zero tolerance” and detention of migrants and asylum seekers at the US-Mexico border.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe contract is with the Earth Institute’s National Center for Disaster Preparedness \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/dont-blame-border-patrol-for-child-deaths-at-the-border-blame-immigration-policy\/2019\/05\/23\/f9477a06-7d76-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html?utm_term=.de33bca5ad41\"\u003Eto develop for the CBP\u003C\/a\u003E “a standardized, but basic health-screening tool to help determine whether a child might need urgent medical attention” and other medical protocols.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWe beg to differ with the rationale for this contract, that “the federal agencies responsible for apprehending and assuming custody of people crossing the borders illegally are beyond overwhelmed” and that “much-maligned (often unfairly) Border Patrol agents, with essentially no medical training whatsoever, are doing a thankless job.” (ibid)\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe crisis at the border and in CBP detention facilities is entirely of this administration’s making. It is the desired outcome of a deliberate policy to inflict bodily and psychic harm on asylum seekers, adults and children alike, under the guise of “deterrence.” CBP continues to separate children and infants from their parents. It confiscates migrants’ clothing, toothbrushes, and medicines when they are placed in detention. Migrants have inadequate access to water and food. The camps are kept at 55 degrees and lights are kept on 24 hours a day. Migrants must sleep on concrete floors; many cannot even do this, as the cells are so crowded as to be standing-room only. \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Politics\/doctor-compares-conditions-immigrant-holding-centers-torture-facilities\/story?id=63879031\"\u003EAccording to some observers\u003C\/a\u003E, the horrific conditions in these facilities meet the legal definition of torture.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSome may argue that it is possible to do a small good in the context of a large evil. Perhaps contributing professional services to the CBP to alleviate suffering is an appropriate response to this crisis. We do not believe it is possible to provide such services under the aegis of CBP because the administration in general, and CBP in particular, has created this crisis in the first place. Well-intentioned actions clash with the agency’s mandate to implement an inhumane policy and its toxic culture. Worse, such actions may legitimate the CBP, which has no interest in attending to the medical needs of migrants. Legal advocates (including Columbia law professor Elora Mukherjee) have gone to court to gain access for independent doctors and a public health expert at the CBP facilities along the border. Notably, John Sandler, the acting director of the CBP, who reportedly reached out to Columbia to develop a screening tool, resigned on June 25 amidst outcry over conditions in detention camps. \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.oig.dhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/assets\/2019-07\/OIG-19-51-Jul19_.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0PQ7R9aVAgsxLzOzyjg2MjddGKQ4L7Jzm3NWFQZ-o_jYKKDjQhw4aCORk\"\u003EDHS's inspector general report\u003C\/a\u003E (July 2) corroborate findings of independent monitors.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThere are many ways for us to positively assist migrants in this crisis. Columbia faculty and students have provided independent translation, legal, and medical services at the border and elsewhere for migrants and asylum seekers. Columbia Law School's immigration clinic and Medical School's asylum clinic are two institutional venues that have responded to the current crisis. But we believe the University should have nothing to do with Customs and Border Patrol. Contracting with CBP is at odds with Columbia’s ethics, which led the University to divest from private prison and detention contractors. Regardless of good intentions, the CBP contract is a stain on our conscience and reputation as an institution that upholds human rights and ethical practices. We cannot work for concentration camps. We demand that Columbia cancel its contract with the CBP.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSincerely,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cstyle type=\"text\/css\"\u003E\n.tg  {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}\n.tg td{font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;padding:5px 5px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;overflow:hidden;word-break:normal;border-color:black;}\n.tg th{font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:normal;padding:5px 5px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;overflow:hidden;word-break:normal;border-color:black;}\n.tg .tg-0lax{text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ctable class=\"tg\"\u003E\n  \u003Ctbody\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;1\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Mae Ngai\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;2\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Nara Milanich\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory, Barnard\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;3\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Shamus Khan\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EChair, Sociology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;4\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Dhananjay Jagannathan\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Philosophy\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;5\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Anupama Rao\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory, Barnard College and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;MESAAS (CU)\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;6\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Michael Harris\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMathematics\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;7\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Karen Van Dyck\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EClassics Department\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;8\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Susan Bernofsky\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of the Arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;9\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Michael Thaddeus\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Mathematics\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;10\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Nico Baumbach\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAssociate Professor, Film\/School\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;of Arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;11\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jane M Spinak\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia Law School\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;12\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBarnard College Department of\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Architecture\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;13\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Naor Ben-Yehoyada\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAnthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;14\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Shelly Silver\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EVisual Arts, School of the Arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;15\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEnglish and Comparative Literature\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;16\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Natasha Lightfoot\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;17\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Elsa Stamatopoulou\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EInstitute for the Study of Human\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rights\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;18\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Francine Cournos, MD\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMailman School of Public Health\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;19\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Marianne Hirsch\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEnglish and Comparative Literature\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;20\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Gauri Viswanathan\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEnglish and Comparative Literature\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;21\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jessica Collins\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPhilosophy\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;22\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;J.C. Salyer\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Anthropology \u0026amp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Director of the Human Rights Program, Barnard\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;23\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Herb Sloan\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EProfessor Emeritus, Department of\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;History, Barnard\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;24\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Brent Hayes Edwards\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of English and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Comparative Literature\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;25\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Todd Gitlin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EJournalism and Sociology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;26\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Gil Anidjar\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EReligion \/ MESAAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;27\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDept. of Germanic Languages, ICLS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;28\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Courtney Bender\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Religion\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;29\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Katharina Pistor\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ELaw School\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;30\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jack Halberstam\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEnglish and IRWGS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;32\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Joseph Slaughter\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEnglish and Comparative\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Literatures, Institute for the Study of Human Rights\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;33\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBarnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;34\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Kristina Milnor\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Classics, Barnard\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;35\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rosalind Morris\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Anthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;36\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Vanessa Agard-Jones\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAnthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;37\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Reinhold Martin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EArchitecture\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;38\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rhiannon Stephens\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory, A\u0026amp;S\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;39\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Sheldon Pollock\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMESAAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;40\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Lila Abu-Lughod\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAnthropology and IRWGS, Columbia\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;41\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;James Schamus\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of the Arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;42\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Janet Jakobsen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EWomen's, Gender and Sexuality\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Studies, Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;43\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Deborah Paredez\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of the Arts Writing Program\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;44\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Claudia Breger\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGermanic Lang and Lit\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;45\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Richard Pena\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of the Arts\/Film\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;47\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Susan Riemer Sacks\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPsychology Dept., Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;48\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Eric Foner\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory (emeritus)\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;49\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Sharon Schwartz\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMSPH\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;50\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Nick Bartlett\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAssistant Professor, AMEC, Barnard\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;51\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Martha Howell\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of History\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;52\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Merlin Chowkwanyun\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESociomedical Sciences, Mailman\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;School of Public Health\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;54\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Robert G. O'Meally\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEnglish Department, African\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;American Studies Department, Center for Jazz Studies\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;55\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Nadia Abu El-Haj\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAnthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;56\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Najam Haider\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBarnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;57\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Christy Thornton\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBC 02, SIPA 03, Assistant\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Professor Johns Hopkins\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;58\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Paige West\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EClaire Tow Professor of\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Anthropology; Director, Center for Study of Social Difference\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;59\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Ralph Ghoche\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Architecture,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;60\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jean Howard\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EArts and Sciences\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;61\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Branden W Joseph\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EArt HIstory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;62\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Molly Murray\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of English and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Comparative Literature\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;63\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Manisha Sinha\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EUniversity of Connecticut\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;64\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Helen Weng, PhD\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ECC '04\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;65\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Sybill Chen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;66\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Angela Aidala\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESMS\/ MSPH\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;67\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Andrew Liu\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS, History\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;68\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Julian Brave NoiseCat\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;69\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Audra Simpson\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Anthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;70\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Lydia H. Liu\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEast Asian Languages \u0026amp;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Cultures\/Institute for Comparative Literature \u0026amp; Society\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;71\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Marie Myung-Ok Lee\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of the Arts + Center for\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;the Study of Race \u0026amp; Ethnicity (CSER)\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;72\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Carly Goodman, Ph.D.\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;73\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Armando Lozano\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ECC, LAW\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;74\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Patricia Dailey\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEnglish and Comp Lit\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;75\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Daniel Morales\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory Department\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;76\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Tovah Klein, PhD\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDirector, Toddler Center, Barnard\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;77\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;John C Stoner\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory, University of Pittsburgh\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;78\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Glenn Adler\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS\/Political Science\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;79\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Ellie Hisama\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Music\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;80\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Timothy Patrick McCarthy\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPhD, History, IRAAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;81\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Anne Goodwin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ENon-Columbia affiliate\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAffordable Power and Justice\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;82\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Katrine Jensen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStaff\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ECouncil for European Studies\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;83\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Steven Sherman\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia College '86\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;84\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Farina Mir\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS 2002\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;85\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of international and public\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;affairs\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;86\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Michael Bernhard\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPhD 1988, Ehrlich Professor of\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Political Science University of Florida\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;87\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Michael Pollak\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS Sociology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;88\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Anna Danziger Halperin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS '18\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;89\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Melissa Morris\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;90\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Pablo Piccato\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;91\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Michelle Philpo-Denney\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ENon-Columbia affiliate\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHorrified U.S. Citizen\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;92\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Deborah Eisenberg\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of the Arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;93\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Margaret E. Keck\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS Political Science\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;94\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Ian Shin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS '16\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;95\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;leah dworkin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003Eschool of the arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;96\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Lisa Brunet, Ph.D.\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;97\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Premilla Nadasen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;98\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Alexander Alberro\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EArt History\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;99\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Kurt Mettenheim\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPolitical Science - SIPA\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;100\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Emmanuelle Saada\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EProfessor of French \u0026amp; Carnoy\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Family Program Chair of Contemporary Civilization\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;101\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Elizabeth Hutchinson\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EArt History and Archaeology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;102\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Tom Kalin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EProfessor, Columbia University\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;School of the Arts, Film\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;103\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Deborah Valenze\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBarnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;104\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Judith Byfield\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS (History) 1993\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;105\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Penny Von Eschen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EWilliam R. Kennan, Jr. Professor\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;of American Studies \/History, University of Virginia\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;106\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;An Kint\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;107\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Monika Nalepa\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPolitical Science, The University\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;of Chicago\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;108\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Ana M Ochoa\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Music\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;109\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rebecca Kobrin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory Department\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;110\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Graciela Montaldo\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ELAIC, Columbia\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;111\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Illan Gonen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMESAAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;112\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Brinkley Messick\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAnthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;113\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;D. Max Moerman\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EProfessor \u0026amp; Chair, Department\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;of Asian \u0026amp; Middle Eastern Cultures, Barnard; CC '86\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;114\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Cailin Hong\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory, GSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;115\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Charry Karamanoukian\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMESAAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;116\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Lien-Hang Nguyen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;117\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Thai Jones\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStaff\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ERBML\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;118\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS Political Science\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;119\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Nan A Rothschild\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAnthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;120\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Steve Askin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia Business School, MBA 1993\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;121\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Andor Skotnes\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFormer Acting and Assistant\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Director, Columbia Oral History Research Office\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;122\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Mark Von Hagen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;124\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Mahmood Mamdani\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHerbert Lehman Professor of\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Government and Professor of Anthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;125\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Alice gorton\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory, GSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;126\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Stephanie McCurry\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ER Gordon Hoxie Professor of\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;History\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;127\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Sahar Bostock\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory, GSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;128\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jane Leftwich Curry\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Political Science\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;129\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Celia E. Naylor\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory and Africana Studies,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;130\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Alice Nash\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory Ph.D.1997\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;131\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Joseph Howley\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Classics\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;132\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Mariana Katz\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPhD Student, History Department\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;133\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;J.T. Roane\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;134\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Bailey yellen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;135\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jennifer Wenzel\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDept. of English \u0026amp; Comparative\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Literature; MESAAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;136\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Mary Gordon\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBarnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;137\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Darcy Krasne\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EClassics Department\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;138\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Genesis Garfio\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ECC17\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;139\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMailman School of Public Health\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;140\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jeffrey Fagan\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ELaw School\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;141\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jennifer Lee\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESociology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;142\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Andrew Lipman\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory, Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;143\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Cora Cervantes\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGS 16’\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;144\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Kendall Thomas\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ELaw School\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;145\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Carol Mason\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EZuckerman Institute\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;146\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Claudio Lomnitz\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAnthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;147\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rebecca Vaadia\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ENeurobiology and Behavior program\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;148\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Matt Sandler\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStaff\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ECenter for the Study of Ethnicity\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;and Race\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;149\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Karina Pantoja\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;150\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Sayantani DasGupta\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGraduate Program in Narrative\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Medicine\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;151\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Lucia Saldivar\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBarnard College, Class of 2017\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;152\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Juan Gonzalez\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ECC\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;153\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Denise Frutos\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPsychology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;154\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Christia Mercer\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPhilosophy\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;155\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Lorenzo Bradford\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia College ‘17\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;156\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Silvia Bernardi\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPsychiatry\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;157\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Karl Jacoby\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory Department\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;158\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Daniela Rodriguez\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;159\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Alejandro P Desince\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ECC ‘18\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;160\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Elizabeth Castelli\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EReligion, Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;161\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Romeo Guzman\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory, PhD\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;162\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Amanda Hardin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;163\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Elizabeth Heintges\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDept. of Classics\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;164\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Eder Gaona-Macedo\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESIPA\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;165\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Eliza Zingesser\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFrench\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;166\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jennifer Scribner\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ENeurobiology \u0026amp; Behavior\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;167\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jane E Turk\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ECommunications, GSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;168\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Dr. Benjamin Weiss\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia College '05\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;169\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Maria Victoria Murillo\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS \u0026amp; SIPA\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;170\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EWomen’s, Gender and Sexuality\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Studies, Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;171\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rebecca E Karl\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EProfessor, History Department, NYU\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;172\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Matthew Haugen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStaff\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ELibraries\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;173\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Hong Deng Gao\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory, Graduate School of Arts\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;and Sciences\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;174\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jenni Ingram\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of social work\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;176\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jonathan Beller\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEng. \u0026amp; WGSS, Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;177\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Evan Jewell\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS, Classical Studies\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;178\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rebecca Arteaga\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;179\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Gabriel Solis\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory PhD program\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;180\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Nabiha Nuruzzaman\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMailman School of Public Health\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;181\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Georgia A. Mickey\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBusiness 1997, Arts \u0026amp; Sciences\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;2004\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;182\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Harlan D. Chambers\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGraduate School of Arts and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Sciences, EALAC\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;183\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Nataly Shahaf\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEALAC\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;184\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Shao-Hung Teng\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFilm and Media Studies MA\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;185\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Adrienne Minh-Châu Lê\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS History (PhD)\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;186\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Nancy Kricorian\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of the Arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;187\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Ansley T. Erickson\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ETeachers College and Department of\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;History\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;188\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Lisa Tiersten\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBarnard College, History\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Department\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;189\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Cooper Lynn\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EInstitute of Comparative\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Literature\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;190\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Dorothea von Mücke\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGebhard Professor of German\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Language \u0026amp; Literature, Dept of Germanic Languages\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;191\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Daniel Friedrich\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ETeachers College, Dept. Of\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Curriculum and Teaching\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;192\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rozena Raja\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ETeachers College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;193\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Dinesh Rathakrishnan\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMailman School of Public Health\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;194\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jennifer Lena\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ETeachers College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;195\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Yasemin Akcaguner\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS History\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;196\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Sophie Schweiger\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Germanic Languages\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;197\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Helen Zhao\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPhilosophy, GSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;198\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rhonesha Blaché\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ETeachers College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;199\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Zainab Bahrani\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EArt History and Archaeology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;200\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Karen Seeley\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAnthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;201\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Carla Stockton\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EG.S. and School of the Arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;202\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Adam Kosto\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;203\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;howard greenberg\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003Eschool of the arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;204\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Vera A Nazarian\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of Arts and Science\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;205\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Robert Fuller\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ETeachers College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;206\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jordan Corson\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ETeachers College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;207\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jessica Reyna\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBarnard College ‘16; Columbia\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;School of Social Work ‘22\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;208\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Silja Weber\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGermanic Languages\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;209\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Lynne Guillot\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of the Arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;210\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Neil Ziolkowski\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGermanic Languages\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;211\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Marc Van De Mieroop\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory department\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;212\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Shezza Abboushi Dallal\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBarnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;213\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rober Jack Gross\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EInstitute for Comparative\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Literature and Society\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;214\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Inderpal Grewal\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ENon-Columbia affiliate\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EYale University\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;215\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Ann Douglas\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEnglish and Comparative Literature\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Department\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;216\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Nick Juravich\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia GSAS (History)\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;217\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Wendy Chavkin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMailman\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;218\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Mary Beth Terry\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEpidemiology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;219\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rick Moody\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of the Arts\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;220\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Frank Guridy\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory \u0026amp; African American\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;African Diaspora Studies\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;221\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ETeachers College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;222\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jacqueline Siapno\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ENon-Columbia affiliate\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EIndependent Researcher and Former\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Acting First Lady, East Timor (Timor Leste)\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;223\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rosana Koundakjian\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS ‘90\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;224\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Casey N. Blake\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory and American Studies\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;225\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Dialika Sall\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;226\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Vahe Habeshian\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;227\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Rebecca Jordan-Young\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EWGSS, Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;228\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Donna Medel\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;229\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Karen Ramirez\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;230\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Robert Tiburzi\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ECollege\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;231\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Bruce Robbins\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEnglish and Comparative Literature\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;232\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Ira Katznelson\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPolitical Science and History\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;233\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;María Fernanda Martínez\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EColumbia College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;234\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Ayten Gundogdu\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPolitical Science, Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;235\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Victoria de Grazia\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory Department\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;236\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Gregory Mann\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;237\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;E. Mara Green\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAnthropology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;238\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Macayla Donegan\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ENeuroscience\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;239\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Mabel O. Wilson\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAPP\/GSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;240\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Meredith Gamer\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EDepartment of Art History and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Archaeology\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;241\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EMESAAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;242\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Christopher Hoffman\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGraduate School of Arts and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Sciences\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;243\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jessica Bulman-Pozen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ELaw School\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;244\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Kadambari Baxi\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EArchitecture, Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;245\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Samantha Van Doran\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGraduate School of Arts and\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Sciences\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;246\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Ivón Padilla-Rodríguez\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EHistory\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;247\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Bette Gordon\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ESchool of the Arts\/Film\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;248\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EPsychology, Barnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;249\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jessica Collins\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAssociate Professor, Department of\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Philosophy\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;250\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Gwendolyn Wright\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGraduate School of Architecture,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Planning and Preservation\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;251\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Madeleine Zelin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEALAC and History\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;252\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Mary Nolan\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS History\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;253\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Alan Stewart\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEnglish and Comparative Literature\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;254\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Kimi Traube\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ECC, SOA\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;255\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Kim Fader\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStaff\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EEpidemiology, Mailman School of\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Public Health\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;256\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Sonam Singh\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBarnard College\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;257\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ENon-Columbia affiliate\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EBall State University\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;258\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Michael Perles\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EAlumni\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAPP, 2016\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;259\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Mohamed Kouta\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;260\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Will Owen\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;261\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Áine McLaughlin\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003ENon-Columbia affiliate\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EUniversity of Maryland student\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;262\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Jonathan Slater\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGSAS\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;263\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Stefan Andriopoulos\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGermanic Languages\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;264\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Alexander Alberro\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EArt History\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;265\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Chloe Vaughn\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EStudent\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EGermanic Languages (GSAS)\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003Ctr\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;266\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EFaculty\u003C\/td\u003E\n    \u003Ctd class=\"tg-0lax\"\u003EUniversity Professor, Columbia\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;University\u003C\/td\u003E\n  \u003C\/tr\u003E\n\u003C\/tbody\u003E\u003C\/table\u003E\n"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/4633600606963971310\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/07\/an-open-letter-to-president-lee.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/4633600606963971310"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/4633600606963971310"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/07\/an-open-letter-to-president-lee.html","title":"An Open Letter to President Lee Bollinger, Earth Institute Director Alex Halliday, and NCDP Director Irwin Redlener on Columbia's contract with the Border Patrol"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Michael Meranze"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/05336793340375780406"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-LZY_V5Sqdh0\/XSY6j4rjqSI\/AAAAAAAACWE\/RSFxEfbc9oEb1ZizUCexy82aQ7DvkFM1QCLcBGAs\/s72-c\/190703-migrant-children-painting-al-1231_20e4701512b23633eb78a9e8ef6be4d8.fit-2000w.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1170716682680204889.post-6174794642270481469"},"published":{"$t":"2019-06-04T03:44:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-07-17T07:39:53.132-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"British Universities"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Critical University Studies"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"guest post"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Academics, Professionals and Publics: Reflections and Thoughts for Potential Paths Forward"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/--gLZnpFTTsk\/XPWkSkaYziI\/AAAAAAAAD8E\/QQEcD6hndC4YfhI_tLnnoQV1G6TTE6ssQCLcBGAs\/s1600\/Academic%2BSelf.png\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1010\" data-original-width=\"796\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/--gLZnpFTTsk\/XPWkSkaYziI\/AAAAAAAAD8E\/QQEcD6hndC4YfhI_tLnnoQV1G6TTE6ssQCLcBGAs\/s320\/Academic%2BSelf.png\" width=\"252\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ci\u003EThis post is another in our ongoing series on Critical University Studies in the UK from the perspective of early-career scholars.\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nby Eric Lybeck, Presidential Fellow, University of Manchester\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWhat is happening to the \"academic self\"?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nI organised a conference on the apparently esoteric topic of \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.eventbrite.co.uk\/e\/academics-professionals-and-publics-changes-in-the-ecologies-of-knowledge-work-tickets-58357408580#\"\u003E‘Academics, Professionals and Publics: Changes in the Ecologies of Knowledge Work’\u003C\/a\u003E at the University of Manchester in April.\u0026nbsp; It was a part of my Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship to track the long-term changes to the academic self, and with it, the idea of the university. When planning the event, I expected a handful of contributors and participants to meet for a workshop or seminar, but the event grew into a full-blown conference with twenty speakers and nearly a hundred attendees.\u0026nbsp; Clearly the topic(s) had struck a nerve.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe central theme of the conference revolved around our need as academics and professionals, working in and around the university, to reflect on the changes to the roles of knowledge in contemporary society. In particular, we noted the paradox in which experts have become subject to populist attacks even as the role of higher education and expertise are said to have become essential to knowledge economies.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWe also wanted to reflect on changes within universities as new forms of expertise and professionalism have emerged, particularly the increased role of university administration and policy ‘wonks’ representing new forms of expertise within a context where academics lay claim to existing knowledge and authority.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/search?q=%23acprof2019\u0026amp;src=typd\"\u003EVarious talks \u003C\/a\u003Eengaged with issues surrounding the alienation of academic life, changes to university governance, and the reconfiguration of space within open-plan offices. We also heard from speakers, including Andrew Abbott, about the fact that ‘pure research’ has always been a free rider that gained a (likely temporary) foothold in universities: it may now be moving on due to decreasing institutional support.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nVivienne Baumfield spoke of the in-between role of academic teacher-educators.\u0026nbsp; She called on us to\u0026nbsp; recognize a mission to produce a generation of teachers who see themselves and act as public intellectuals. Linda Evans informed us of the way ‘academic leadership’ has become a catch-all term for an increasing array of job expectations that not even the most elite professors in the academy feel they can adequately live up to.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nBy the end of the day, my head was swimming with new ideas and, yet, despite the range of topics from several interdisciplinary fields, a few main themes came into view, which I would like to share.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003EFirst\u003C\/b\u003E, academics and professionals may see ourselves as independent and above-it-all, but we are not. This positioning is not tenable within a populist political environment in which academics are targeted by the charge that we are out-of-touch elitists and cannot to be trusted. As Aaron Hanlon noted in his discussion of the commonalities between truth claims in the 17th century Enlightenment and those made on social media today, we cannot take public trust in knowledge for granted.\u0026nbsp; We need to communicate directly with the public, likely better than we have done hitherto.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003ESecond\u003C\/b\u003E, while the need to engage with the public is ever more important, it is discouraged by institutional pressures to chase rankings and by government mandates to ‘Innovate!’ and be ‘excellent.’ We likely need to rethink the entirety of our present system of work within our publish-or-perish environment if we are to realize these promises to the public.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003EThird\u003C\/b\u003E, those of us involved in higher education research need to reach out beyond our specialization in education departments to involve the entire community of academics, professionals and publics in and around the university.\u0026nbsp; Every discipline should have something to say about changes to the ‘idea of the university’ or knowledge as such. For me, the most rewarding experience of the conference was the commentary from those in so-called ‘non-academic’  or ‘professional service’ roles, who were fully engaged with such as ‘what should the role of administration actually be vis-à-vis academics?’ We experienced a temporary suspension of the sense that the university is now two opposed hostile camps engaged in a zero-sum game.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nIn these and other ways, the event felt like an instance of the wider promise of Critical University Studies: real discussion across the full range of people in and outside the university about where it is going and what it should be. We can point to history in which academics seemed to have fulfilled roles as researchers, teachers and public intellectuals, but where do we find the time in the current system to do this publicly-engaged work?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWe need to reclaim these public roles for ourselves and our students. We can only do this if we reclaim and reconstruct our universities.\u0026nbsp; And this reconstruction will also involve confrontation with the academic self today's universities expect. "},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/6174794642270481469\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/06\/academics-professionals-and-publics.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/6174794642270481469"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/6174794642270481469"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/06\/academics-professionals-and-publics.html","title":"Academics, Professionals and Publics: Reflections and Thoughts for Potential Paths Forward"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Chris Newfield"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/01078395415386100872"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/--gLZnpFTTsk\/XPWkSkaYziI\/AAAAAAAAD8E\/QQEcD6hndC4YfhI_tLnnoQV1G6TTE6ssQCLcBGAs\/s72-c\/Academic%2BSelf.png","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1170716682680204889.post-6713606305631565206"},"published":{"$t":"2019-05-07T09:31:00.001-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-07-17T07:25:18.594-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Budget"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"democratic university"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"guest post"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Humanities"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Public Funding"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Research"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"STEM"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Students"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"Brave New STEM University; Or, the Myth of Student Demand"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-wb1PnrtJnLg\/XNGr8cmAd2I\/AAAAAAAAD7A\/sSGBYKVxVtMc3QtGWlJOksJtT_S5DVjBQCLcBGAs\/s1600\/UWashingtonSeattleCherries.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"626\" data-original-width=\"1024\" height=\"195\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-wb1PnrtJnLg\/XNGr8cmAd2I\/AAAAAAAAD7A\/sSGBYKVxVtMc3QtGWlJOksJtT_S5DVjBQCLcBGAs\/s320\/UWashingtonSeattleCherries.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Ci\u003Eby Eva Cherniavsky, Andrew R. Hilen Professor of American Literature and Culture, University of Washington at Seattle\u003C\/i\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nEarlier this year, the Seattle \u003Ci\u003ETimes\u003C\/i\u003E ran an \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/seattle-news\/as-stem-majors-soar-at-uw-interest-in-humanities-shrinks-a-potentially-costly-loss\/\"\u003Eexcellent piece on the decline of the humanities \u003C\/a\u003Eat the University of Washington (UW) and nationwide. Katherine Long, a veteran education reporter, got crucial elements of this topic absolutely right. Her piece began, “You won’t find a single expert on the history of the American Revolution or the Civil War at the University of Washington anymore.”\u0026nbsp; She goes on to make an unusual connection: cutting the humanities hurts student learning and the university’s budget.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nTo its credit, Long’s article carefully observes both the intellectual and economic consequences of shrinking humanities departments. She notes that, historically, the humanities have effectively taught large numbers of students at relatively low cost, generating credit hours and revenue that was used to subsidize teaching and research in the high-cost STEM fields.\u0026nbsp; (There, as we know, faculty routinely require not only higher salaries, but laboratories, professional staff to run them, and students to work in them.\u0026nbsp; Thus a single STEM faculty hire can easily run into the millions.)\u0026nbsp; Shrinking humanities enrollments (indeed, more broadly, the shrinkage in what is now openly referred to at UW as the “non-STEM” fields) thus seriously exacerbates the budgetary crisis produced by the decades-long withdrawal of public funding.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nOn the other hand, Long frames the humanities’ intellectual contributions in highly conventional terms: “Academics worry that the nation would be impoverished—both culturally and intellectually—if only an elite few understand the arc of American history, know how to find meaning in poetry, or can discuss the ideas of the great philosophers.”\u0026nbsp; This kind of formulation narrowly aligns the humanities with cultural tradition, and thereby, no doubt unwittingly, reproduces precisely the argument for its irrelevance as a relatively arcane body of knowledge that should perhaps be archived but that does not require ongoing forms of study and engagement.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nInstead, we might readily substitute a more robust and informed articulation of the value of culture-focused fields. We could talk, for example, about the importance of fields that think power, identity, and rhetoric at a moment of simmering civil war, or we might emphasize that an understanding of modernity and the historical emergence of modern democratic forms is vital at a moment where democratic governance appears in crisis.\u0026nbsp; The absence of this deeper understanding of humanities knowledge has contributed to the humanities apparent decline.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe day of its publication, Long’s article circulated on the UW-AAUP list server.\u0026nbsp; The discussion that ensued moved between posts that asserted the regrettable inevitability of humanities decline, given plummeting student demand, and others that sought to make the case for the non-STEM fields, though largely based on asserting the value of non-STEM knowledge to technological and scientific endeavors (e.g. how the insights of anthropology are important to the development of artificial intelligence).\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nIt’s worth noting that this was a relatively short-lived, low-energy discussion, especially when compared, for example, to the bounty of thoughtful posts on another recent topic, ownership of on-line course content.\u0026nbsp; But there is a relatively straightforward institutional\/legal fix to the latter problem (demand faculty ownership of course content), which, moreover, also affects faculty in high-value STEM fields.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;The fate of the non-STEM fields, by contrast, appears already given – a ‘fact’ to be explicated, rather than a policy to be contested.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe debate reproduced one of the major shortcomings of the Seattle \u003Ci\u003ETimes\u003C\/i\u003E article: discussing “student demand” as a cause, rather than effect. It assumed, in other words, that students’ choice of majors is based on their autonomous determination of their best interest, and thus sits outside the purview of what the institution directs and regulates.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;This conviction resurfaced a few weeks later in another UW-AAUP list server thread, this time in response to a faculty member reporting that several of her non-STEM students were asking for references so they could transfer to other universities, an aspiration which (she noted) they all attributed to the oppressively STEM-focused culture of UW.\u0026nbsp; The discussion which followed this post consisted largely of testimonials; faculty cited conversations with students to suggest how deeply they appreciated both the humanities curriculum and a humanities pedagogy historically centered on smaller, intensive, discussion-focused classes. Someone needs to gather these stories and convey them to the administration, several posters suggested – as though, confronted with the documentary evidence of \u003Ci\u003Eactual \u003C\/i\u003Estudent preference, the university would rethink its distribution of resources.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSeriously?\u0026nbsp; It seems to me that anyone who considers this for more than ten minutes has to recognize that “student demand” is a construct: it is the product of a pervasive, cross-institutional pedagogy in social and educational value in which students are immersed from (at least) primary school onward.\u0026nbsp; If students are demanding STEM in record numbers, this is a because they have been systematically invited to embrace a number of interlocking beliefs: that\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Col\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESTEM fields matter to the welfare and future of human societies more than other fields -- that social problems respond best to technocratic solutions;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Ecollege is a course of career training;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Ecollege is an investment that ought to be maximized in order to yield the highest possible return in the form of lifelong higher income;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003ESTEM fields represent areas of continuing high-growth, recession-proof employment.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ol\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n“Student demand” is a fact insofar as it reproduces these assumptions, which are already endemic to the privatized, market-driven university.\u0026nbsp; Other forms of “student demand” (for example, demands for a more racially and ethnically diverse faculty that better reflects regional and national demographics) are routinely ignored.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe university is by no means the only social institution to promulgate these neoliberal assumptions, but it is among the most important.\u0026nbsp; Certainly, the notion that the university is merely changing to “respond” to STEM-focused student demand is absurd, since the university, increasingly beholden to private philanthropy (vastly skewed toward STEM initiatives) and increasingly reliant on tuition dollars (and the model of education as investment that normalizes rising tuition costs)\u0026nbsp; has been a key purveyor of these views.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe absurdity of the “student demand” rationale becomes apparent, as well, as soon as we recall that the starving of the humanities (and other non-STEM fields) began long before the number of majors began to plummet. The humanities, but also many of the social sciences, have been bleeding tenure lines, compelled to rely on lecturers (who are not defined as researchers) and, worse still, part-time lecturers for decades, since long before the 2008 recession or the rise in STEM enrollments.\u0026nbsp; The story of the humanities begins with the rule of austerity, not with declining demand.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nI would also argue that the withdrawal of resources from humanities fields has hampered to a greater or lesser extent the ability of their faculty to build the kind of cutting edge programs and curricula that can most successfully compete for student interest.\u0026nbsp; This has certainly been true in my own English department, where retirements have vastly outpaced hires.\u0026nbsp; Several years of an outright hiring freeze, followed by the acquisition of a single line when we made a compelling curricular case for three or four, have made it virtually impossible to reflect at the curricular level many of the most important and compelling developments in the field. And again, this is happening during years when majors were at an all-time high.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nIn short, the humanities and allied fields are not “dying” a “natural” (market-determined) death, but have been systematically murdered – starved of resources and plundered of the credit hours they generate.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHere we come to the final missing piece in this “decline of the humanities” story:\u0026nbsp; the relatively lower earnings of non-STEM majors.\u0026nbsp; This is invoked as one of the reasons for shifting “student demand.” But as Chris Newfield has shown, it is not that the skills these graduates bring are not valued in the marketplace, but rather that their possessors are perceived as interchangeable and thus easily replaceable. There is no need for higher pay when there is always someone else to fill the job (\u003Ci\u003EUnmaking the Public University\u003C\/i\u003E, chapter 8).\u0026nbsp; \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nBut what happens when years of downsizing non-STEM graduates means that the glut vanishes – when employers have to compete for workers proficient in, say, critical analysis, writing, or multi-cultural literacy?\u0026nbsp; It will not be possible simply to reboot the myriad departments that are now being cut to the bone – and beyond.\u0026nbsp; The damage being done is irreversible.\u0026nbsp; PhDs in the field are increasingly moving into community college positions or alt-ac careers, even as humanities graduate programs across the country are slashing ever further the number of students admitted. There will be no way back from this devastation when market demand picks up.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe idea of a university organized around market (mislabeled “student”) demand is radically unsustainable.\u0026nbsp; It is unsustainable because, in shrinking the humanities, the university cannibalizes its own budgetary life support (as Long's article makes vivid).\u0026nbsp; But it is, unsustainable, too, because one cannot simply eviscerate and then resurrect departments and programs according to the inevitably shifting and fundamentally short-term calculations of the market.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nIn this moment, the resistance to the increasing privatization of the public university has taken the form of the \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/04\/why-elizabeth-warrens-free-college-plan.html\"\u003Edemand for free tuition\u003C\/a\u003E. This demand is fundamental to any effort at reclaiming public higher education.\u0026nbsp; But it is not a sufficient demand.\u0026nbsp; It must be linked to a broader recognition that market forces cannot organize the university – and that if this model becomes fully and finally entrenched, what we will have is not a university at all, but a high-priced career training center for the elite.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nIf this is permitted to occur, I predict we will lose both the battle for free tuition and the battle for the “non-STEM” fields.\u0026nbsp; The fate of the humanities is profoundly linked to the fate of public higher education.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/6713606305631565206\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/05\/brave-new-stem-university-or-myth-of.html#comment-form","title":"9 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/6713606305631565206"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/6713606305631565206"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/05\/brave-new-stem-university-or-myth-of.html","title":"Brave New STEM University; Or, the Myth of Student Demand"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Chris Newfield"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/01078395415386100872"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-wb1PnrtJnLg\/XNGr8cmAd2I\/AAAAAAAAD7A\/sSGBYKVxVtMc3QtGWlJOksJtT_S5DVjBQCLcBGAs\/s72-c\/UWashingtonSeattleCherries.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"9"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1170716682680204889.post-1880324394201239371"},"published":{"$t":"2019-04-22T14:26:00.004-07:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-07-17T07:25:51.666-07:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Admin Responses"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"guest post"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Protests"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Race"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"On Making and Managing Racial Crises: Reckoning with Trauma and Institutional Responsibility in Higher Education"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-qu5AY-qLzlk\/XL5rmdZ2TII\/AAAAAAAAD5w\/_x3CorGp-aw6a2uk9RW1F0MyLEFzl4r3ACLcBGAs\/s1600\/MIssou%2BProtest%2B2015.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"605\" data-original-width=\"908\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-qu5AY-qLzlk\/XL5rmdZ2TII\/AAAAAAAAD5w\/_x3CorGp-aw6a2uk9RW1F0MyLEFzl4r3ACLcBGAs\/s320\/MIssou%2BProtest%2B2015.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Eby Gaurav Jashnani, Ed.M\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003ELicensed Mental Health Counselor\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EPhD Candidate in Critical Social\/Personality Psychology, CUNY Graduate Center\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Egjashnani@gradcenter.cuny.edu\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\"mailto:gjashnani@gradcenter.cuny.edu\" style=\"-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;\"\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003ECountless\neyes were on the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) this past\nfall, where \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/silencesam.com\/\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Estudents were organizing for racial justice\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, particularly around the removal\nof the “Silent Sam” Confederate monument.\u0026nbsp; Black students and graduate-workers\nput their \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.newsobserver.com\/news\/local\/education\/article213187589.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Eacademic success and future careers\non the line\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/keepingitheel.com\/2018\/12\/14\/unc-basketball-football-players-sign-open-letter-denouncing-silent-sam\/\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Estudent-athletes\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E and \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/12\/14\/sports\/silent-sam.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003ENBA-playing alumni\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E took public political stances, administrators\nand trustees seemed to \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/education\/archive\/2018\/12\/uncs-board-governors-punts-silent-sam\/578224\/\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Elack a viable long-term plan\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, politicians and pundits inserted\nthemselves in ways that seemed \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/Historians-Should-End-Silence\/245346\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ethoughtless and geared to exacerbate\ncurrent tensions\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E –\nand then, in January, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/UNC-Chancellor-Steps-Down-and\/245472\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ethings got really wild\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, with the university’s chancellor\nsuddenly removing the base of the monument while also resigning from her post.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EThis is a\nfamiliar arc, one we saw even more sharply at \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2015\/11\/09\/us\/missouri-protest-timeline\/index.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ethe University of Missouri (MU) in\n2015\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, when \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/159844403\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EBlack\nstudent organizers\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E\n(in tandem with \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.columbiamissourian.com\/news\/local\/planned-parenthood-supporters-pack-speakers-circle-with-pink\/article_5764d3c6-670b-11e5-8514-9f0abf3440b4.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ereproductive rights activists\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E and a \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.columbiamissourian.com\/news\/local\/graduate-students-to-stage-walkout-protest-unless-mu-meets-insurance\/article_988e1840-4694-11e5-97a0-7f715c3fac12.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ebudding graduate student union\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E) pushed out the top two\nadministrators and overhauled the school’s approach to all things diversity,\nwith the help of the university’s Division I football team. (\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EPhoto credit \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/grade-point\/wp\/2015\/11\/10\/they-got-the-u-missouri-system-president-and-chancellor-fired-now-they-have-more-demands\/?utm_term=.771aef8fd356\"\u003Eabove\u003C\/a\u003E: Jeff Roberson.) \u003C\/span\u003ESo, what’s the best\nway for UNC to proceed in a fraught situation, especially now as it faces a \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/education\/2018\/10\/26\/spellings-steps-down-unc-system-president\/?noredirect=on\u0026amp;utm_term=.a02a7a371935\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Eleadership vacuum\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E and a damaged reputation?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003EEnter \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ethe\nrecent \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.acenet.edu\/news-room\/Pages\/ACE-Research-Report-Explores-Lessons-Learned-from-University-of-Missouri-Crisis.aspx\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EAmerican Council on Education (ACE)\nreport\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E on how\ncampus leaders can \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003Ebuild capacity for diversity and\ninclusion\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E and\nsuccessfully manage moments of “racial crisis.” \u003Cspan style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/span\u003EI read it eagerly, on the chance that it might come to offer useful guidelines for future administrative\nresponses to perceived racial crises.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EWhile the\nreport examines the 2015 MU protests in an attempt to generate useful insights,\nit mostly puts forward meager responses that paper over the problem. As a\nclinician and social psychologist whose research focuses on institutional\nracism and higher education – including, presently, MU – I think it’s vital to\naddress some apparent misconceptions regarding trauma, racism and institutional\nresponsibility.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EAfter\nbriefly running through events at MU and their context, the bulk of the \u003Cspan class=\"msoIns\"\u003E\u003Cins cite=\"mailto:Microsoft%20Office%20User\" datetime=\"2019-04-15T21:30\"\u003EACE \u003C\/ins\u003E\u003C\/span\u003Ereport is focused on a “collective\ntrauma” framework, which the authors use to conceptualize both the problem of\nand solution to a racial crisis. Nowhere are key terms (e.g., trauma,\ncollective trauma, traumatic state) defined, and the only work on trauma cited\nin the report is \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Collective-Trauma-Collective-Healing-Promoting-Community-Resilience-in\/Saul\/p\/book\/9780415884174\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ea book about clinical work with survivors\nof genocide, civil war and the 9\/11 attacks\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E. But the circumstances of this work – thousands being\nkilled in discrete moments of political violence – are quite distinct from the\nslow burn of long-term institutional racism and negligence, magnified by\nsocietal inequity and daily interpersonal degradations. Using the term\ncollective trauma to describe a range of disparate people, incidents and\nexperiences – without ever naming or discussing most of them – is confusing at\nbest, and most likely inaccurate and counter-productive.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EFurthermore,\nACE’s report places institutions that have harmed students in the position of\ndeciding who has been harmed, how\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E, and what they need to recover, refocusing\nracial justice efforts on “emotional healing” without also centering equity and\naccountability.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003ESince\nthe problem is determined to be collective trauma, the answer is healing, and unspecified\ncampus leaders are the ones who must heal campus, using “active listening,”\n“speaking from the heart,” and “acting with” as their tools. We are told, for\nexample, that active listening can help others to “engage with difficult\nfeelings, gain perspective on the experience…find their own solutions, and\nbuild self-esteem and resilience.” But is a lack of self-esteem and resilience\nreally the core problem when facing the stark realities of campus racism? Why\nis gaining perspective prioritized while shifting policy goes unmentioned? Why\nchoose to tell this story by relying on trauma? Is that the best way in which\nto understand the callousness of the university administration’s lack of\nresponse to ongoing racial inequity and interpersonal violence? \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003EA trauma-focused approach may center healing, support,\nconnection and healthcare resources for those harmed or targeted; one focused\non accountability might prioritize identifying the harm, who was responsible,\nmaking amends and shifting conditions to prevent future harm. Both together are\noften ideal, but when justice and institutional responsibility are nearly\nabsent, healing can become easy rhetoric that avoids harder conversations.\nAccountability for doing violence – and for colluding with it – should mean\nlosing positions of power, acknowledging wrongdoing, offering reparations,\nputting in the work to transform one’s actions and one’s understanding of the\nworld. Some of these are steps MU has taken, but they are steps ACE’s report\ndecenters in favor of decontextualized trauma therapy techniques. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003EWhen someone commits an act of violence, and someone else\ncolludes by refusing to take it seriously or even acknowledge it as a problem,\nwe shouldn’t suggest that either of these people talk like a therapist to the\nperson who was violated, as a means of moving forward. The authors have appropriated\ntools from a specific context, but the problem here is different, the stakes\nare different, and psychological responses are helpful but still insufficient\nfor structural violence. Prioritizing healing is important when people who have\nbeen harmed want it, but when the powerful use it to avoid examining and\ntransforming institutions, talk of healing can quickly become a weapon used to maintain\nthe status quo and sustain institutional violence.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003EOne widespread reality the report overlooks is that campus\nleadership generally plays an important role not merely in responding to\nstudent organizing, but in instigating it in the first place through systematic\nneglect, gross incompetence, misplaced priorities and a distinct lack of\nconcern for the learning and wellbeing of marginalized students.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E While the ACE report refers to a\nhistory or legacy of campus and societal racism, none of it make sense without\nunderstanding that racism has continued into the present. MU’s administration\nis portrayed only as reacting to racism outside their control, rather than having\nmade numerous choices – including many financial ones – that maintained or even\nexacerbated ongoing racism. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003ET\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003Ehis\ncrisis was not simply mismanaged by the administration but actively\nprecipitated by it.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E Administrators\nchose to ignore a constant barrage of racism that Black students faced, not to\nmention pervasive social segregation and disappointing graduation rates; even\nBlack student demands from 1968 were still waiting to be fulfilled. A single\nincident of interpersonal racist violence, or even several incidents, does not\ninherently become an institutional crisis. The reason that repeated moments of\nviolence escalated into a crisis – and forced the institution toward a turning\npoint – is much the same reason that \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/variety.com\/2018\/biz\/news\/tarana-burke-times-up-me-too-backlash-1202748822\/\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Erepeated moments of violence\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E became a crisis for \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/arts-entertainment\/films\/features\/hollywood-me-too-movement-one-year-on-netflix-amazon-money-a8646306.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EHollywood\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E (and \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/sport\/2018\/dec\/05\/usa-gymnastics-files-for-bankruptcy-in-wake-of-larry-nassar-scandal\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EUSA Gymnastics\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, and the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/01\/11\/us\/catholic-gallup-survey\/index.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003ECatholic Church\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E): key players consciously decided\nthat it was not worth responding, \u003Ci\u003Edespite knowing that severe violence was\npervasive and ongoing over many years\u003C\/i\u003E. Each of these institutions weighed\nthe scales and chose collusion over conviction.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EIn other\nwords, what the report identifies as limited capacity to deal with diversity\nand inclusion issues is not only result of bad planning, but racism – an active\ninstitutional investment in white supremacy, until said investment disturbs in-flows\nof capital and business as usual. Given the previous absence of commitment to or\neven interest in racial equity\u003Cspan class=\"msoIns\"\u003E\u003Cins cite=\"mailto:Microsoft%20Office%20User\" datetime=\"2019-04-16T11:58\"\u003E \u003C\/ins\u003E\u003C\/span\u003Eon\nthe part of the administration, one of the report’s major failures is its\napparent premise that alleviating the racial crisis hinges more on managing\nperceptions and emotions than fostering long-term equity or success for all\nmarginalized students.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EEmotions\nare important and often overlooked, but they are, in this case, symptoms and\nresults of a structural problem. Any map forward must stress that attending to the\nemotional climate should happen in tandem with not only strategic planning and\n“building capacity for diversity” but also specific changes in policy,\npractices and personnel, \u003Ci style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"\u003Eand shifting\nfinancial and political priorities including the allocation of resources\u003C\/i\u003E. (MU\nhas done some of this, too, but you’d be forgiven for missing that from the\nreport.) \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EAs an example,\nthe report endorses “offering small tokens of appreciation” such as notes and\ngifts to faculty and staff who take on extra racial justice and support work.\nWhy not instead pay people for their time, offer course leave, bonuses and\npromotions, credit for students? Institutions can offer not only recognition,\nbut material compensation for work deemed necessary for the campus to function,\nwhich – as the report notes – falls disproportionately upon Black women and\nother people of color. Reparations and other concrete forms of accountability\ncan, in fact, be an integral part of emotional and psychological healing from\nhistorical and institutional violence – just ask \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/amp.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/apr\/15\/georgetown-students-reparations-vote-slaves-sold-by-university\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Estudents at Georgetown\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, who last week voted to institute\na long-term reparations “fee” as part of their tuition payments. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EHowever,\nwithout acknowledging the painful and complex realities of ongoing and systemic\nracism, intertwined with the everyday functioning of the institution, the\nnature of the problem remains obscure.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E The real objects of concern – set\nupon by student organizers, politicized athletes and other supporters, defended\nby trustees, politicians and administrators – disappear: the de facto racist\ninstitutional policies and practices that result in structural violence, and\nthe myriad interpersonal degradations that make up minoritized life. The\nviolence of the institution, its students, staff, faculty, security, policies,\nprocedures, practices; its passive and active refusal to affirm Black life and\nlearning; the choices the institution has made from its origins in slave labor,\nonward through 200 years of white supremacist institutional maintenance; all of\nthis violence, all of these decisions, all of the moments of choosing white\nsupremacy over and over again risk erasure in this framework.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003ETrauma,\nthe ostensible heart of the report’s analysis, suffers from a similar lack of\nclarity, as neither the traumatic event repeatedly referred to nor the part of\ncampus allegedly traumatized are ever identified. The collective trauma at hand\nis not explicitly attributed to Black or marginalized students, but that is the\nclear implication: victims and witnesses of racism are “angry,” student\norganizers are “distrustful,” people of color and especially Black women suffer\nfrom “racial battle fatigue,” and so on. Campus leaders should “reach out to\nfaculty, staff, and students of color” as those experiencing “particularly\nacute trauma.” \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003EWhile Black students should be at the center of any story\nabout MU that purports to identify the “work that moved the community forward\nin a time of vulnerability,” these students are largely transformed here from\nagents of racial justice to largely unnamed victims. Trauma is distorted to\nproduce out of control, irrational Black students (as well as staff and\nfaculty) who \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ethe\nadministration needs to heal before their “traumatic state” proves an obstacle\nto improving the campus climate. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003EIn this telling, Black students too\neasily become a traumatized impediment to racial progress, rather than the\nprimary people working to advance that goal.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EOne step\ntoward rectifying this dangerous misperception is grasping that a significant\npart of those at MU who displayed fear, anger and distrust (the trauma-related\nemotions highlighted in the report) were white. The university’s most recent \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/diversity.missouri.edu\/our-work\/campus-climate-survey\/2016-campus-climate-survey\/\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ecampus climate report\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, based on data gathered in 2016 – immediately\nafter the widely publicized student organizing, and at the same time as the interviews\nthat were part of the ACE report – found that nearly 40% more white than Black people\n(in total numbers) reported experiencing “exclusionary, intimidating, offensive\nand hostile” behaviors as a result of “ethnicity.” While a greater percentage of\nBlack people described these kinds of experiences (as we would expect), this\nreport details numerous white members of the university community feeling\nharassed or intimidated by the sheer fact of Black organizing, and particularly\nby on-campus mobilizations for racial justice and related ends: \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;symbol\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E·\u003Cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E“I have been targeted by racial protesters like Black\nLives Matter.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;symbol\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E·\u003Cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E“I didn't feel safe in my community because I was a\nGreek white student.\" \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;symbol\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E·\u003Cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E“The demonstration on campus…made [me] feel personally\nthreatened, threatened my family, and my family income.” \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;symbol\u0026quot;; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\"\u003E·\u003Cspan style=\"font: 7.0pt \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan dir=\"LTR\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E“I felt like I was racially profiled as racist because\nI am white.”\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EAnd while first-hand\nexperiences of exclusionary behavior due to “racial identity” are not broken\ndown in the report, observations of such behavior were reported by nine times\nas many white people as Black – nearly one-third of all white respondents. These\nsurvey respondents labeled racial justice demonstrations as “bullying,”\n“racist” “unsettling,” and of a “violent nature,” and described them as \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E“[a]n\nattack on the entire University.” \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003EWhile feeling unsafe and viewing non-violent marches or\ndemonstrations as violent may be genuine expressions of belief or emotion, they\ndo not correlate with any documented reality of violence against white people\nat MU. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EThe very idea\nthat white people could perceive themselves to be the victims of greater racial\nhostility than Black people at a university struggling with anti-Black racism\nmay seem hard to understand, but it isn’t. White people can experience racial\nreality (i.e., frank assertions of current injustice and needed movement toward\njustice) as hostile, unsettling or overwhelming – this is the underlying basis\nof recently popularized terms like \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2019\/feb\/16\/white-fragility-racism-interview-robin-diangelo\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ewhite fragility\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, and this is much of the “trauma”\nto be found after racial justice organizing, at least at MU. Put differently, clear\nimprovements in the campus racial climate for students of color may be perceived\nas a decline in quality, and safety – with acute emotional and psychological\nconsequences – for a subset of predominantly white students who perceive a loss\nof status in the decreased acceptability of racism, as well as for white alumni,\nparents of prospective students, and other institutional stakeholders. Confronting\na loss of structural privilege can be overwhelming for white people, and while\nI wouldn’t suggest they need trauma therapy, it’s foolish to ignore both the difficult\nemotions these people experience as a result of institutional shifts and the \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.newsobserver.com\/news\/local\/article224561590.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Econsequences\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.kansascity.com\/news\/local\/crime\/article44216625.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ethey inflict on others\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \u0026quot;Times New Roman\u0026quot;;\"\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EAt UNC, as\nwas the case at MU, marginalized students don’t need help from administrators\nto gain perspective, and they have repeatedly found \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/08\/21\/us\/unc-silent-sam-monument-toppled.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Etheir own\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2018\/12\/10\/unc-teaching-assistants-go-strike-over-confederate-monument\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Esolutions\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E. Balancing the calls of student\norganizers with the demands of other stakeholders, particularly at a public\nuniversity in \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.hup.harvard.edu\/catalog.php?isbn=9780674060364\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Eneoliberal times\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, is tricky at best; the racial\ncrisis is primarily a crisis for the administration, who is made vulnerable (to\nreal accountability) by student organizing. However, as UNC determines how to\nproceed, trauma sensitivity alone won’t accomplish what the university needs.\nThat requires acknowledging the racism that led to Silent Sam \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/kristinakillgrove\/2018\/08\/22\/scholars-explain-the-racist-history-of-uncs-silent-sam-statue\/#7333b2ac114f\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ebeing mounted in the first place\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, and to \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.theroot.com\/confederate-statue-silent-sam-could-return-to-unc-chape-1830916725\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ebeing kept up for over a century\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E, as well as \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.thedemands.org\/\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Emaking\nup for lost time\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E when\nit comes to racial equity and following the lead of marginalized students. To\nbe effective in the long-term, responses to racial crises require institutional\ntransformation at the levels of policy, procedure, curriculum, hiring,\nadmissions, financial aid, institutional history, \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/en-us\/Critical+Pedagogy+and+Race-p-9781405129688\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Eracial pedagogy\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E and strategic planning, as well as\nemotional and psychological support. \u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"MsoNormal\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EAn MU alum\nand Black activist with whom I recently spoke named \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/munews.missouri.edu\/news-releases\/2017\/0824-land-grant-compact-will-provide-access-to-missouri-residents\/\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ethe university’s dramatic expansion\nof Pell Grant funding for lower-income students\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E – to cover all tuition and fees –\nas perhaps the most important victory to come from recent years of organizing. A\ndescendent of MU’s founder has created a “\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/munews.missouri.edu\/news-releases\/2008\/0123-slavery-endowment.php\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003ESlavery Atonement Endowment\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E” for Black Studies students, while\na “\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/committees.missouri.edu\/history-working-group\/\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003EHistory Working Group\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E” has been established to reckon\nwith the institution’s financial basis in slavery and its profits. Meanwhile, organizing\nfor reparations at Georgetown may set a national precedent for \u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/10\/19\/books\/ebony-and-ivy-about-how-slavery-helped-universities-grow.html\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003Ethe many US universities that\nflourished financially through the violent subjugation of African people\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: \u0026quot;times new roman\u0026quot; , serif;\"\u003E. The goal of an institution should\nnot be managing unrest but moving toward justice in ways that address and\naccount for long histories of injustice – removing monuments to white supremacy\nis only a first step toward materially restructuring higher education and its\npriorities.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cstyle\u003E\n\u003C!--\n \/* Font Definitions *\/\n @font-face\n {font-family:Wingdings;\n panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;\n mso-font-charset:2;\n mso-generic-font-family:decorative;\n mso-font-pitch:variable;\n mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;}\n@font-face\n {font-family:\"Cambria Math\";\n panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;\n mso-font-charset:0;\n mso-generic-font-family:roman;\n mso-font-pitch:variable;\n mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}\n@font-face\n {font-family:Calibri;\n panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;\n mso-font-charset:0;\n mso-generic-font-family:swiss;\n mso-font-pitch:variable;\n mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073697537 9 0 511 0;}\n \/* Style 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font-family:Symbol;}\n@list l0:level8\n {mso-level-number-format:bullet;\n mso-level-text:o;\n mso-level-tab-stop:none;\n mso-level-number-position:left;\n text-indent:-.25in;\n font-family:\"Courier New\";}\n@list l0:level9\n {mso-level-number-format:bullet;\n mso-level-text:;\n mso-level-tab-stop:none;\n mso-level-number-position:left;\n text-indent:-.25in;\n font-family:Wingdings;}\nol\n {margin-bottom:0in;}\nul\n {margin-bottom:0in;}\n\u003C\/style\u003E\n\n--\u0026gt;"},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/1880324394201239371\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/04\/on-making-and-managing-racial-crises.html#comment-form","title":"0 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/1880324394201239371"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/1880324394201239371"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/04\/on-making-and-managing-racial-crises.html","title":"On Making and Managing Racial Crises: Reckoning with Trauma and Institutional Responsibility in Higher Education"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Chris Newfield"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/01078395415386100872"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-qu5AY-qLzlk\/XL5rmdZ2TII\/AAAAAAAAD5w\/_x3CorGp-aw6a2uk9RW1F0MyLEFzl4r3ACLcBGAs\/s72-c\/MIssou%2BProtest%2B2015.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"0"}},{"id":{"$t":"tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1170716682680204889.post-5762313200193157209"},"published":{"$t":"2019-02-22T09:03:00.000-08:00"},"updated":{"$t":"2019-02-22T13:12:22.855-08:00"},"category":[{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Cal State"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Community College"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Contingent Faculty"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Funding Model"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"guest post"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Public Funding"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Quality"},{"scheme":"http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#","term":"Teaching"}],"title":{"type":"text","$t":"How Large Class Sizes and Low Faculty Wages Undermine College “Student Success”— In California and Beyond"},"content":{"type":"html","$t":"\u003Cdiv class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-x_slSvsHXJ0\/XHAYkV2tTPI\/AAAAAAAAD18\/97ChWEh-STgjMw4mu5mS2bVpnt19Qf04QCLcBGAs\/s1600\/UCDavis%2Bby%2BFelicia%2BMello%2BCALmatters.jpg\" imageanchor=\"1\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"\u003E\u003Cimg border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"800\" data-original-width=\"1280\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-x_slSvsHXJ0\/XHAYkV2tTPI\/AAAAAAAAD18\/97ChWEh-STgjMw4mu5mS2bVpnt19Qf04QCLcBGAs\/s320\/UCDavis%2Bby%2BFelicia%2BMello%2BCALmatters.jpg\" width=\"320\" \/\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\nBy Trevor Griffey, PhD; Lecturer,\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nLabor Studies \u0026amp; U.S. History, UCLA and CSUDH; trevorgriffey@gmail.com.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nPhoto Credit: \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/calmatters.org\/articles\/crowded-crumbling-campuses-will-one-time-cash-infusion-be-enough-to-fix-the-university-of-california\/\"\u003EFelicia Mello\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGavin Newsom, the new Governor of California, is the biggest supporter of public higher education to hold that office in the past 15 years. He served on the California State University (CSU) Board of Trustees and UC Board of Regents from 2010-18. He is taking office at a moment when it is fairly easy for him to show his support for higher education. California has a \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.apnews.com\/e36df8dd67d841e0b2a17f0e676fa2c2\"\u003Eprojected $21.5 billion budget surplus \u003C\/a\u003E(and roughly $15 billion in reserves) for 2019-20.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nIn what he called his\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.ca.gov\/2019\/01\/10\/governor-newsom-proposes-2019-20-california-for-all-state-budget\/\"\u003E “California For All” budget for 2019-20\u003C\/a\u003E, Newsom has proposed adding an additional $1.4 billion to California’s public higher education system: $400 million largely to make community college free, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.calfac.org\/item\/2019-20-governors-budget-proposal-higher-education-highlights\"\u003E$562 million increase in revenue for the CSUs \u003C\/a\u003E($300 million of which is ongoing), a \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/01\/new-governor-new-higher-ed-support.html\"\u003E$240 million funding increase for the UC system\u003C\/a\u003E (plus an additional $130 million for deferred maintenance), funding for legal services to support undocumented students, and more.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWith this large new investment in higher education, \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/www.ebudget.ca.gov\/2019-20\/pdf\/BudgetSummary\/HigherEducation.pdf\"\u003ENewsom’s budget proposal \u003C\/a\u003Esaid that that he was trying “to increase access to higher education, improve student success and timely degree completion, and to better ensure that college remains affordable by freezing tuition at current levels.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAnd yet, despite the commitment of over a billion dollars of new revenue to the U.S.’s largest community college and public university system, little of that money is likely to go where it is most needed: to reducing class sizes for introductory college courses, and to replacing poorly-paid temp job for college instructors with professional positions at living wages.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe reason is simple, and ideological: today’s higher education administrators— in California and around the U.S.— are committed to a version of what they call “student success” that marginalizes questions of class size, teaching load, and the working conditions of faculty from their definition of success. For them, student success means reducing the number of students who do not receive credit for and thus have to retake college courses, increasing the percentage of students who earn a degree, and reducing the time it takes for students to complete their studies. To achieve these changes, administrators hire education statistics gurus to track students, and bring in counselors and tutors to move students along “guided pathways” toward a degree. Learning is measured by the percentage of students who receive Cs or higher in their classes, because the accumulation of credits toward a degree is what matters most. Success is defined by graphs showing upward progress on certain key metrics, especially “time to degree.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAll levels of California’s public higher education system reflect this thinking. In 2010, the Institute for Higher Education Leadership \u0026amp; Policy at CSU Sacramento issued a report called \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/files.eric.ed.gov\/fulltext\/ED513824.pdf\"\u003E“Divided We Fail.”\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp; It found that 70% of all students who enrolled in California’s community colleges did not receive a degree within six years. In response, the California Community College system formed a Student Success Task Force, which issued a \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/californiacommunitycolleges.cccco.edu\/policyinaction\/studentsuccesstaskforce.aspx\"\u003E77-page report in 2012\u003C\/a\u003E that put forward eight recommendations for increasing retention and graduation rates. None included suggestions for improving students’ teaching and learning environment.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nInstead, the report defined student success as “Percentage of community college students completing their educational goals; Percentage of community college students earning a certificate or degree, transferring, or achieving transfer-readiness; Number of students transferring to a four-year Institution; [and] Number of degrees and certificates earned.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nIncreasing undergraduate students’ retention and graduation rates is a worthwhile goal, since students who accumulate college debt and do not receive degrees are generally worse off than students who did not enroll in college at all, at least from a financial perspective. The problem is that this \"get a C\" vision of student success sidelines what students learn, or how they learn. In many schools’ strategic plans and student success initiatives, discussions of teaching quality are entirely absent.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWhen teaching and learning is included in student success initiatives and university strategic plans, it is often to promote the latest inquiry-based pedagogical strategies, grouped under the label “active learning.” Active learning is also a worthwhile project for colleges to support. But does it really mean merely introducing technological gadgets like iClickers to a classroom? If not, active learning requires reducing class size to facilitate student-led exercises and regular feedback from faculty.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nActive learning can also mean showcase courses rather than widespread availability. This then leads to the celebration of a few small classes because they are “active” and not because they are small. By hailing what is old (teaching) as something new (innovation), administrators distract the public from\u0026nbsp; the fact that most of their curriculum is taught by underpaid, overworked faculty in classes that are far too large to support those students, particularly those most at risk of failing or dropping out. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003ECalifornia’s Community Colleges\u003C\/b\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nI have personally witnessed this framing of student success as something to be achieved by administrators and staff, and not by teachers or teaching, while serving as a member of the “Student Success Committee” at Long Beach City College, and as a lecturer in U.S. History and Labor Studies at CSU Dominguez Hills.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWhen I taught U.S. History at Long Beach City College in the Fall of 2017, I was one of 687 part-time lecturers at the school. We made up 43 percent of all employees at the school, and 68 percent of all faculty. \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/datamart.cccco.edu\/Faculty-Staff\/Staff_Annual.aspx\"\u003EWe taught 43 percent of all courses,\u003C\/a\u003E and we earned approximately $3,000 per 15-week course\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.blogger.com\/null\"\u003E.\u003C\/a\u003E Capped by state law at 3 courses per semester (a full-time teaching load is considered to be 5 courses per semester), the average lecturer at LBCC earned less than $13,000 per year, was ineligible for health benefits, and had almost no job security.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nFrom what I’ve gleaned from \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.lawcha.org\/2016\/09\/02\/decline-tenure-higher-education-faculty-introduction\/\"\u003Evarious surveys of lecturers across the country\u003C\/a\u003E, and also from informal conversations with colleagues at both LBCC and schools in the CSU system, there are a few major survival strategies for those who are paid so poorly to teach college courses:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Ework outside of higher education full-time, and treat community college teaching as a side gig for extra income;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Eteach 7-10 courses per semester spread across at least three schools (usually other community colleges, sometimes also CSUs) to get around the cap on 3 courses per school;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Erely on a spouse’s income, sometimes while taking care of small children at home;\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003Cli\u003Eor do this work while taking out loans as a graduate student (usually at a local University of California campus, but sometimes from a CSU campus).\u003C\/li\u003E\n\u003C\/ul\u003E\nEvery one of these adjunct strategies for surviving poverty wages limit the amount of time that they have to spend on any given student.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThis problem is exacerbated by how adjuncts in California’s community colleges are paid. Adjuncts are not salaried employees, but rather are classified as hourly employees who are only paid for the time they spend in the classroom (3 hours per 3 credit course per week). This sends adjuncts a very clear signal that they are not paid to prepare class lesson plans or course syllabi, to meet with students outside of class, to respond to student emails, or to grade student work. And if they’re not paid to do any of these things, then what incentive do adjuncts have to give students assignments that they will have to spend time grading, let alone teach students how to write?\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHorror stories emerge from working conditions like these. At one CSU school, I met someone who taught 5 courses per semester while sometimes teaching additional courses at LBCC and other local colleges to make ends meet. This meant solo teaching of 200-400 students per semester across multiple schools, and in one case as many as 600 students in a semester. How could one person possibly do this? Her method was to administer online multiple choice tests produced by textbook publishers so that she didn’t actually have to read or evaluate student work at all.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThis is just an extreme form of a more general problem: the reliance of many if not most community college faculty on easy-to-grade multiple choice tests and worksheets, instead of deeper and more transformative work teaching students how to read and write papers.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAnother colleague of mine who teaches at a community college in Orange County told me that she knew multiple instructors at her school who also worked on the side for web sites used by college students to pay someone to write their papers for them. In other words: these community college teachers were paid so poorly, and felt so demoralized, that they got into the business of helping college students cheat by writing their papers for them.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nBecause LBCC lecturers are represented by a union, and the union bargained to be included in campus governance and receive payment for service, I volunteered to serve on a committee to supplement my income while teaching at LBCC.\u0026nbsp; That I was assigned to the campus “student success committee” was just an effect of my teaching schedule, and not because I knew what student success was. What I learned was that on average, more than 30 percent of LBCC students do not complete the courses they enroll in, and completion rates for African American, Asian American and Latino\/a students tend to be lower than those of white students. And yet despite the school’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.lbcc.edu\/sites\/main\/files\/file-attachments\/lbcc-integrated-plan-2017-19.pdf\"\u003E“integrated plan”\u003C\/a\u003E celebrating its embrace of “flipped classrooms, bootcamps, compressed classes, and integrated wrap around services such as counseling and study skills” to increase equity and completion rates, at no point did members of the student success committee discuss the possibility that perhaps paying its faculty poverty level wages was NOT a recipe for “student success.”\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nInstead, the meetings were organized around fast-paced presentations of student completion rates and strategic plan goals, combined with reports from other committees, with the actual committee’s work not always easy for me to discern. I never raised my concerns about low teacher pay and demoralizing working conditions in committee meetings, partly because I was new and still learning, and also because I ended up leaving the school after one semester after deciding that I could not justify teaching for so little money.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nLBCC is hardly unique in California’s 114-campus community college system. More than two thirds of California’s 60,636 public community college instructors were part-time lecturers in Fall of 2017. That semester, they taught 46 percent of all community college courses to almost 1.6 million students. And, according to my calculations, their \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/datamart.cccco.edu\/Faculty-Staff\/Staff_Annual.aspx\"\u003Eaverage salary was just over $13,000 per year\u003C\/a\u003E at each institution.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThat same semester, only 62 percent of students enrolled in California’s community colleges passed basic skills courses, and \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/datamart.cccco.edu\/Outcomes\/Default.aspx\"\u003Eonly 72 percent passed courses for credi\u003C\/a\u003Et— with numbers far worse for students enrolled in online programs (or “distance learning”). \u0026nbsp; As a result, though there has been substantial improvement in the past decade, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/scorecard.cccco.edu\/scorecardrates.aspx?CollegeID=000#home\"\u003Eless than 50 percent\u003C\/a\u003E of California community college students graduate or transfer to other schools within 6 years.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThere appears to be a correlation between low teacher pay and poor student performance \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.calstate.edu\/bot\/agendas\/sep16\/ed-pol-2-addendum-gi-2025.pdf,\"\u003E(page 5)\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp; But for ideological reasons, California’s community college administrators don’t talk about this issue in relation to student success initiatives. So the vast majority of the state’s community college faculty continue to be told that there is no money for living wages, while their schools increase spending to hire more administrators, data analysts, counselors and tutors--in the name of equity and justice. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003EThe California State University System\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe politics of student success in the California State University (CSU) system— the largest public university system in the U.S., with 430,000 undergraduates on 23 campuses— are similar and related to those at the state’s community colleges. People who work for the CSUs like to call it “the people’s university.” Because it is primarily a teaching rather than research university, and 95 percent of CSU students are from “in-state,\" its student demographics more closely reflect youth demographics in California more broadly: more than 50 percent of its undergraduates are people of color, forty percent are Latino\/a, and one third are the first in their families to \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www2.calstate.edu\/csu-system\/about-the-csu\/facts-about-the-csu\/Documents\/facts2018.pdf;%20https:\/\/edsource.org\/2018\/californias-growing-latino-college-population-brings-attention-and-extra-funds\/599637\"\u003Eattend college.\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nUnlike the University of California, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bsa.ca.gov\/pdfs\/reports\/2015-107.pdf\"\u003Ethe CSUs have not relied upon enrolling out of state\u003C\/a\u003E and international students to offset declining per capita support from state legislators. Instead, their response to the great recession has been to grow their way into fiscal health on the cheap. This involves consistently exceeding the state’s funding based on projected enrollment, and enrolling between 15,000 to 20,000 more students than even the CSUs plan for. Then first year student class sizes are pushed to the legal limit established by the local fire department (usually packing 60 in a room). And finally, the schools have raised individual undergraduate student tuition and “student success” fees to offset budget cuts.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www2.calstate.edu\/csu-system\/about-the-csu\/budget\/2018-19-operating-budget\/supplemental-documentation\/Pages\/historical-ftes-enrollment.aspx\"\u003ECSU Enrollment Contrasted With Enrollment Targets\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cb\u003EFull Time Equivalent (FTE) Students\u003C\/b\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003E\n\u003Cimg alt=\"\" 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\" \/\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThis strategy has produced extraordinary growth within the CSU system, \nwith CSU Northridge, Fullerton, Long Beach and San Diego now enrolling \nmore than 30,000 undergraduate students every year. Indeed, CSU \nNorthridge now has more undergraduates than UC Berkeley, and is second \nin the state in undergraduate full-time equivalent enrollment only to \nUCLA.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWhy enroll so many more students than planned for? One reason is because the CSUs are required as part of the California Master Plan to enroll the top 33% of high school graduates in California, and the number of eligible high school graduates and community college transfers has grown dramatically the past 15 years (though \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/lao.ca.gov\/Publications\/Report\/3532\"\u003Eenrollment is expected to level off\u003C\/a\u003E). Another reason is that most CSU campuses, unprepared for the spike in eligible applicants, had admissions policies that guaranteed access to either all eligible applicants or all eligible “local” applicants. This combination of demographic change and quasi-open admissions has produced chaos on CSU campuses across the state in the past few years.\u0026nbsp; Administrators have used the chaos to justify increased tuition and fees on students and reduced numbers of transfer students at over-enrolled (or “impacted”) campuses.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nIn the meantime, the CSU has aggressively lobbied the state legislature for more money, but have largely \u003Ci\u003Enot\u003C\/i\u003E channeled that money into teachers and teaching. Before the great recession, government funding for public higher education in California was based upon a “marginal cost” formula that presumed that a new tenure track professor will be hired with the \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/lao.ca.gov\/publications\/report\/3559\"\u003Eaddition of 19 new full-time equivalent students\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp; When the Brown administration tossed this formula out the window during the early 2010s, the CSU responded to the combination of budget cuts and growing enrollment pressures to hire the cheapest faculty possible.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nSo while the percentage of tenure track faculty in the CSUs grew a modest 7.4 percent between 2010 and 2017, \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www2.calstate.edu\/csu-system\/faculty-staff\/employee-profile\/Pages\/past-reports.aspx\"\u003Ethe percentage of part-time lecturers grew an immodest 41.8 percent\u003C\/a\u003E. For the first time in CSU history, tenure density has dropped below 40 percent, and at some campuses is essentially the same as at community colleges (which often provide their students with newer classrooms and smaller class sizes).\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe effect of CSU’s growth strategy upon students is especially stark at one of the schools where I teach, CSU Dominguez Hills. CSUDH was built following the Watts rebellion to partly serve the nearby predominantly Black and Latino\/a communities of Compton and South Central Los Angeles. As other Southern California CSU campuses began to turn eligible students away the last few years, CSUDH became a “backup school” for Southern California residents who wanted to live at or near home but could no longer get into CSU Long Beach, Northridge, Fullerton, or Los Angeles. In the past two years, CSUDH’s undergraduate population has grown 9 percent, and its first-time first year student population has grown 57 percent.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nCSUDH epitomizes growth on the cheap. Despite 75 percent of incoming first year students needing remedial English or Math assistance, and 61 percent being the first in their families to attend college, they are thrown into 60-person introductory and general education (GE) courses taught mainly by adjunct faculty. Since 5 courses per semester is considered a normal full-time faculty workload, this pushes the number of students that many adjunct faculty teach above 200 students per semester. Unable to provide their students individualized attention, it is common for faculty to resort to assigning multiple-choice tests rather than more time-intensive assignments through which students can develop their reading and writing skills.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe warehousing of first year students is profitable. The tuition of just 6-7 of the students enrolled in a 60-person course covers the salary for their adjunct instructor (which hovers between $4-5,000 per course, or less than $50,000 per year if they have what is considered a full-time teaching workload). The other 90 percent of student tuition from these GE courses is siphoned off by the administration.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThis system also reinforces racial inequality in our society.\u0026nbsp; The students admitted to CSUDH and then thrown into these large courses taught by overworked and underpaid adjuncts are being set up to fail. Approximately 25-40 percent of the students in the Introduction to U.S. History course, regardless of whether they’re taught by adjuncts or tenure track faculty, receive grades so low that they do not receive credit, even though they paid for the course and can’t get their money back.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nDiscouraged by these and similar experiences, more than 20 percent of first year students at CSUDH drop out after the first year. Less than half of full-time first year students are likely ever to earn a degree from the school. Student poverty and the challenges of balancing school with work and family play a role in these low retention rates. But I suspect that creating an alienating learning environment in which students are treated like numbers makes students rightly question the value of the education they’re receiving.\u0026nbsp; One overcrowded classroom after another encourages them to see college as every bit as oppressive and irrelevant as their high schools might have been for them.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nCSUDH has some of the worst retention rates and time to degree rates in the CSUs, but the difference is of degree rather than kind. Roughly \u003Ca href=\"http:\/\/asd.calstate.edu\/csrde\/ftf\/2016htm\/sys.htm\"\u003E40 percent of all first year students in the CSUs don’t get degrees within 6 years\u003C\/a\u003E, thought that is an improvement over rates a few years prior.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nCommitment to improving the teaching and learning environment of the CSUs varies widely across its nearly two dozen campuses, but in my opinion is largely lacking from the Chancellor’s office.\u0026nbsp; The CSUs have recently embraced their own form of “student success” planning, which they call \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www2.calstate.edu\/csu-system\/why-the-csu-matters\/graduation-initiative-2025\"\u003E“Graduation Initiative 2025,”\u003C\/a\u003E to address high student fail and dropout rates. Though CSU research indicates a connection between tenure density and student success, and some CSU campus administrators have gone so far as to declare that “an engaged faculty is essential to student success,” the Chancellor’s office has decentralized the process of creating plans to increase student retention and graduation rates, and only seven of the CSU’s 23 campuses chose to make increasing tenure density a priority \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.calstate.edu\/bot\/agendas\/sep16\/ed-pol-2-addendum-gi-2025.pdf,\"\u003E(pages 31-33).\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/a\u003E CSUDH was not one of them.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe argument for increasing tenure density to promote student success is not an argument that adjunct faculty are bad teachers. It is an argument that they are overworked and underpaid teachers. It is an argument that in this system, the majority of teachers have few incentives other than charity to give their students the support they deserve. Though tenure track faculty at the CSUs are burdened with excessive teaching and service workloads compared to faculty at the UCs, and, depending on the campus, may also face severe class size issues, their higher pay and more permanent position can sometimes provide them with the ability to give their students more attention than lecturers who are teaching 200-300 students per semester while earning poverty wages.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nBut increasing tenure density is not a significant priority for the CSU Chancellor’s office. When the California Faculty Association, the union for CSU faculty, lobbied in 2018 for state revenue to increase tenure density, the Chancellor’s office opposed it on the grounds that they do not want the legislature telling them how to spend their money.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nWhen the CSU lost, and the legislature gave the CSUs $25 million that could only be used to increase tenure density, the Chancellor put the money into its graduation initiative funds, and distributed the money equally across its 23 campuses even though most campuses’ graduation initiatives did not include plans to increase tenure density.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThis is what happens when teaching is seen as peripheral to student success. It leaves faculty struggling in their off hours to \u003Ca href=\"https:\/\/www.calfac.org\/post\/open-letter-chancellor-white-and-csu-board-trustees\"\u003E“follow the money”\u003C\/a\u003E and fight just to be included in plans to improve undergraduate education.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nNow that Governor Newsom has offered the CSUs hundreds of millions in new revenue, CSU Chancellor Tim White has announced that he anticipates that most of the new money that the CSU receives will go toward increasing enrollment and reducing the time to graduation for students. Neither goal is bad per se.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nBut so long as the CSU depends on a growth model of continuing to hire low-wage temps for faculty to teach first year students, then steering students’ tuition revenue and fees away from teachers and teaching into tracking and advising, it’s hard to believe that any of the CSU’s lofty goals for “student success” will amount to anything more than enrolling more students to pay more money for a lower quality education.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nIf we let that happen, then we as educators, and the people of California, will have failed our students."},"link":[{"rel":"replies","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/feeds\/5762313200193157209\/comments\/default","title":"Post Comments"},{"rel":"replies","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/02\/how-large-class-sizes-and-low-faculty.html#comment-form","title":"1 Comments"},{"rel":"edit","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/5762313200193157209"},{"rel":"self","type":"application/atom+xml","href":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/feeds\/1170716682680204889\/posts\/default\/5762313200193157209"},{"rel":"alternate","type":"text/html","href":"http:\/\/utotherescue.blogspot.com\/2019\/02\/how-large-class-sizes-and-low-faculty.html","title":"How Large Class Sizes and Low Faculty Wages Undermine College “Student Success”— In California and Beyond"}],"author":[{"name":{"$t":"Chris Newfield"},"uri":{"$t":"http:\/\/www.blogger.com\/profile\/01078395415386100872"},"email":{"$t":"noreply@blogger.com"},"gd$image":{"rel":"http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail","width":"16","height":"16","src":"https:\/\/img1.blogblog.com\/img\/b16-rounded.gif"}}],"media$thumbnail":{"xmlns$media":"http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/","url":"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-x_slSvsHXJ0\/XHAYkV2tTPI\/AAAAAAAAD18\/97ChWEh-STgjMw4mu5mS2bVpnt19Qf04QCLcBGAs\/s72-c\/UCDavis%2Bby%2BFelicia%2BMello%2BCALmatters.jpg","height":"72","width":"72"},"thr$total":{"$t":"1"}}]}});